直肠

The mechanisms of feces control is followed:(1)Perception of oncotic pressure by anal activates the kinetic response of defecation control;(2)The tension of the internal sphincter muscle of anus makes it closed inmost of the time.(3)Tension of anal sphincter and puborectalis mantain the angle between rectum and anal canal and make anal canal closed during the relaxation of anal sphincter ;(4)adaptability of rectum makes rectum engorge in the cases of the not too high pressure of rectum .Destruction of any mechanism above will result in fecal incontinence .

正常人的大便节制主要通过下列机制调控：(1)直肠对膨胀压的感知，激发控制排便节制的动力学反应；(2)肛门内括约肌的张力，使肛管在大部分时间处于关闭状态；(3)肛门外括约肌和耻骨直肠肌的张力，使得在肛门内括约肌松弛期间，维持肛管直肠角的存在，并使肛管处于闭锁状态；(4)直肠适应性，使得在直肠内压不致过高情况下，允许直肠充盈，上述机制中一种或几种受到破坏，就可以引起大便失禁。

All patients underwent total colectomy,with ileostomy(n=1),ileorectostomy(n=2),ileoanal anastomosis or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(n=7),and rectal mucosectomy,through the muscular sheath of rectum ileoanal/ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(n=7) respectively.

全部病人均施行了全结肠切除，采用回肠造口1例，回直肠吻合2例，直肠切除、回肠肛管吻合或回肠储袋、回肠肛管吻合7例，部分直肠切除、直肠粘膜剥脱经直肠肌鞘回肠肛管吻合7例。

The average age was 27.8 years, and there were 47.5% patients with malignant change, the average age of them was 35.9 years. The choice of operative procedures included total proctocolectomy with ileostomy in 60 cases (26.0%), subtotal colectomy+rectal polyposis electrocautery in 63 cases (27.3%), total colectomy or proetocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis in 12 cases (5.2%), total colectomy or proctocolertomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in 19 cases (8.2%), subtotal colectomy+rectal mucoscctorny, through the muscular sheath of rectum ileo-anal anastomosis in 22 cases (9.5%), ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in 47 cases (20.3%), and subtotal proctoeoleetomy in 8 cases (3.5%).

术式选择全结肠直肠切除＋末端回肠腹壁造口术60例(26.0%)，全结肠部分直肠切除＋回肠直肠吻合术63例(27.3%)，全结肠直肠切除＋回肠肛管吻合术12例(5.2%)，全结肠直肠切除＋回肠储袋肛管吻合术19例(8.2%)，全结肠部分直肠切除＋残留直肠黏膜剥脱＋经直肠肌鞘回肠肛管吻合术22例(9.5%)，全结肠部分直肠切除＋残留直肠黏膜剥脱＋经直肠肌鞘回肠储袋肛管吻合术47例(20.3%)，部分结肠或直肠切除术8例(3.5%)。

Methods According to mechanics principle of anus and rectum,adopted close neoplasty operation through rectum cope with 23 cases patient of rectocele,and injected the tela submucosa in ahead rectum with 1:1 Xiao Zhi Ling injection(Xiao Zhi Ling: Sterile Water for Injection)and cut a part of puborectalis.

依据排便时肛门、直肠作用力学原理，对23例直肠前突患者采用直肠前突经直肠闭式修补术，1∶1消痔灵直肠前壁黏膜下注射，辅助耻骨直肠肌部分离断术。

All ARM rats were affected by persistent cloaca or rectourethral fistula. Some experts found during the anorectal development in human beings, URS never fused with cloacal membrane, however, we thought in ETU treated rats the failure of fusion of URS with the cloacal membrane was the immediate reason of the ARM.

虽然有学者研究发现在人类正常肛门直肠发育的过程中，尿直肠隔始终没有与泄殖腔膜融合，但我们认为尿直肠隔未与泄殖腔膜融合是ETU诱导的大鼠肛门直肠畸形发生的直接原因。

At same time, observation was made on rectal mucosa phase, rectal mucosal prolapse, and intrarectal intussusception, if there was some. Results: Frequency of abnormity was higher in group P than in group C.

对109例便秘患者及55例正常人进行排粪造影检查，分别在静坐、力排时对肛直角、肛上距、肠耻距、直肠骶前间隙、直肠前突深度进行测量，并观察直肠黏膜相及有无直肠黏膜脱垂及直肠内套叠。

Results:There were two different fascial envelopes around the perirectal fat:a posterolateral envelope made up of the visceral pelvic fascia and an anterior membrane made up of the Denonovilliers fascia.Denonvilliers' fascia couldn't be regarded as anterior part of mesorectum.

结果：在直肠及周围脂肪周围存在两个相互独立的结构，一个是直肠侧后方的脏筋膜，另一个是直肠前方的Denonvilliers筋膜，它们共同组成了直肠周围的环状筋膜，Denonvilliers筋膜并不能构成直肠系膜的前界。

Methods to improve anorectal function after anterior re section include autonomic nerve preservation, puborectalis muscle preservation and anorectal angle restruction, etc.

针对以上前切除术后的病理生理改变，许多学者提出了一系列方法来改善前切除术后的肛门直肠功能，包括术中保留植物神经、保留耻骨直肠肌及肛门直肠角重建以及增加新建直肠的容量。

Three, congenital anorectal atresia: This is because of bad or abnormal embryonic development due to congenital diseases, children with anal atresia completely, and some combined vestibular rectal fistula, rectal-perineal fistula or rectovaginal fistula, boys still rectal fistula and other bladder deformity.

三、先天性肛门直肠闭锁：这是由于胚胎发育不良或异常所致的先天性疾病，患儿肛门完全闭锁，有的合并直肠前庭瘘、直肠会阴瘘或直肠阴道瘘，男孩还有直肠膀胱瘘等畸形。

Patients with congenital anal atresia and concomitant rectovaginal or rectoperineal fistula were undertaken Z shape plastic operation with fistula reserved. 2 patients with rectovaginal or rectoperineal fistula were removed and closed fistual and repaired os of fistula.

采用Z成形术修复先天性肛门狭窄9例，保留瘘口瘘道＋Z成形术修复先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠阴道瘘或直肠会阴瘘5例，彻底切除瘘管、分层闭合瘘道、修复瘘口治疗单纯性直肠阴道瘘或直肠会阴瘘2例。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。