直立

Plants distinctly caulescent, stems erect, ascending; bracteoles lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire.

清楚具茎的植株，茎直立，上升；小苞片披针形披针形或线形，整个。

Stems single or several and cespitose, erect to diffuse, hispid or pilose, rarely glabrous.

茎单一或数个和丛生，直立扩散，或具柔毛，很少无毛。

Stems cespitose, to more than 10, central stem erect, outer stems strongly procumbent to ascending, with 4 lines or hairs.

茎丛生，到多于10，中部逆而行和；直立，外部茎强烈平卧的到上升，具4行或毛。

Culm sheaths pale green, sparsely deciduously brown strigose, base and margins glabrous, apex truncate; ligule weakly arcuate or truncate, margin ciliolate; blade erect, subulate, small.

竿箨苍绿色，稀少脱落的棕色糙伏毛，基础和边缘无毛，先端截形；叶舌身体虚弱的弧曲的或截形，边缘具短缘毛；叶片直立，钻形，小。

2 Mm, ciliolate. Panicle lax to contracted, 4–10 × 0.5–5 cm; branches solitary, lowermost 1.2–3 cm, erect or spreading, bare in lower 1/5–1/3, scaberulous, branchlets appressed, main axils often pilose; pedicels 0.5–3 mm, shorter than spikelet.

对收缩疏松的圆锥花序， 4-10 * 0.5-5 厘米；分枝单生，最下1.2-3厘米，直立或开展，裸露在下部1/5-1/3，微糙，小枝贴伏，主要腋通常具柔毛；花梗0.5-3毫米，短于小穗。

Plant to 10 m tall; fruit rounded-ovoid, 2-3 mm in diam.; leaf blade ± concolor, abaxially with grayish brown pubescence, surface of blade visible between hairs under magnification, adaxially very scabrous with erect bristles.

植株给10米高；果圆形卵形体，直径的2-3毫米；叶片多少同色，背面具淡灰棕色短柔毛，在放大时毛间的叶表面可见，粗糙具直立刚毛的正面 2 T 。 tomentosa 山黄麻

Sepals appearing 3- or 4-merous in bud, in fact to 5-merous at anthesis, nearly free, valvate, ovate, with base appearing ± cordate when sepal erect, texture rather thick, margins slightly conduplicate.

萼片出现3-或4基数在芽中， 5基数在花期实际上，近离生，镊合状，卵形，当萼片直立时基部多少心形，质地相当厚，边缘稍对折。

Male flowers: pedicels long and slender; sepals 4-7, imbricate, margins entire or serrulate; petals absent; disk of 4-7 segments, these sometimes connivent or fused; stamens 4-7, inserted at base of disk, longer than sepals; filaments free; anthers 2-locular, erect, extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode small, 2- or 3-lobed.

雄花：花梗长和纤细；萼片4-7，覆瓦状，边缘全缘或有细锯齿；花瓣无；花盘4-7裂，有时靠合或愈合；雄蕊4-7，着生于花盘基部，长于萼片；花丝离生花药2室，直立，外向，纵向开裂；退化雌蕊小，有叶2或3。

Finally, we adopt the fault smoothing constraint and dipping angles obtained from previous two steps and invert for the coseismic rupture distribution.

建模过程经历三个步骤：（1）采用直立断层模型反演，根据解的分辨率和拟合差的折中曲线得到最优平滑约束；（2）改变断层倾角，找到使得观测数据和正演计算拟合最好的断层倾角；（3）根据前面两步得到的最优平滑约束和断层倾角求得地震同震破裂分布。

Fruit a pome, globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, somewhat fleshy,(1- or)2–5-loculed, free from calyx only near apex or to 1/3 length, with persistent, incurved sepals; carpel crustaceous or membranous, each locule 1- or 2-seeded; seeds erect, testa leathery; cotyledons plano-convex.

果一梨果，球状，卵球形，或椭圆形，稍肉质，(1-或)2-5室，心皮壳质的或膜质，每子房室1或2种子；种子直立，种皮革质；子叶平凸。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。