直立

Blade of mid-culm sheaths small, narrow, ascendant to reflexed, rarely erect, base not amplexicaul, broad or cuneate

不叶片的小，狭窄的竿箨中期，优越兑一反折，很少直立，基部，宽或楔形 8

Ovary superior, 1- or 2-loculed; ovule 1 per locule, anatropous, pendulous, rarely ovules numerous and placentas parietal; style 1, erect or curved; stigmas 1 or 2, capitate.

子房上位，室1或2；胚珠1每室，anatropous，下垂，胚珠多数和侧膜胎座的很少；花柱1，直立或者弯曲；柱头1或2，头状。

Ovary superior, half inferior, or inferior, 3--5-locular or apically 1-locular and basally 3--5-locular; ovules few or solitary in each locule, erect, pendulous, or anatropous, integument 1 or 2, placentation axile or parietal.

子房上位，半下位，下位的或，或顶部1 和基部3-5室；每室有少数或单个胚珠，直立，下垂，或者倒生，珠被1或者2，中轴胎座或者侧膜胎座。

Sepals without or with a very narrow hyaline margin; stems erect to spreading but not frondose, not or scarcely ancipitous (2-edged) when young

没有有一很狭窄透明的边缘的或的萼片；但不是具叶的茎直立到开展，不或几乎不ancipitous(2镶边)幼时 30

Sepals with broad hyaline margin; stems erect to arching with ± numerous lateral branches, often frondose, markedly ancipitous (2-edged) when young

萼片具宽的透明的边缘；拱起具的茎直立多少多数侧枝，通常，幼时ancipitous(2镶边)显著 26

Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth; male and female inflorescences separate: male spikes in clusters of 3, lateral at base of new growth or rarely on old growth, pendulous; female spike terminal on new growth, erect. Flowers anemophilous.

在老的或幼枝上的花序侧生或顶生；雄和雌的花序分开：在3的簇生里的雄性穗状花序，在老枝上的幼枝或很少的侧的在基部，下垂；在幼枝，直立上顶生的雌性穗状花序。

Stems erect or arcuate at base, terete or slightly angulate, simple or short branched in upper part, with multicellular hairs.

茎直立或弧曲在基部，圆柱状或稍，单或短枝在上半部分，具多细胞毛。

Stems erect, dichotomous, angulate, glabrous or pubescent.

茎直立，二歧，，无毛或被短柔毛。

Results: A decreased body weight was observed. Sucrose preference test showed that percentage of sucrose solution from the total liquid was decreased, which simulates anhedonia (i.e. a loss of responsiveness to pleasant events), a core symptom of depression and the defining feature of melancholia.

结果显示，模型动物体重明显降低；糖水偏好试验显示糖水摄入比例显著下降，这模拟了抑郁症的核心症状——快感丧失；旷场试验中大鼠水平移动格数、直立次数、理毛数明显减少，这分别体现了运动能力及社会交往能力下降、探索行为能力降低等。

Stems erect, simple or branched basally and/or apically.

基部和/或顶部的茎直立，单一或分枝。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。