直接指出的

The paper includes:The author calculate the structures inner force and displacement of the free end , analyze the influence of the height and the value of pretress of cable by making use of ANSYS 9.0 soft, pose the concept of critical prestress,conclude the function relation between displacement of the free end, initial strain and the height of cable ,analyze the dynamic properity and point out that Newmark-β method should be adopted when we analyze the dynamic properity of the cable-stayed spatial structure with direct integral test to guarantee the contribution of high mode,finally conclude the functional relation among coefficient of earthquake inner force, initial strain and the height of cable, wish to get some helpful conclusion applied to cable-stayed spatial truss design.

本文系统介绍了斜拉空间桁架竖向地震反应的分析理论与方法、详细分析了斜拉空间桁架结构在静力和竖向地震作用下的受力性能，主要内容包括：利用通用有限元软件ANSYS9.0计算了斜拉空间桁架在静力和竖向地震作用下内力及自由端位移分布规律并得出地震内力系数与节间位置、预应力以及斜拉索高度之间的函数关系；详细分析了斜拉索中施加的预应力以及斜拉索高度的变化对于该种结构内力及自由端位移的影响并提出了斜拉空间桁架的临界预应变概念，进而得到了自由端位移与初始预应变以及斜拉索高度的函数关系，即：△=-(40h+2180)ε+9.8；分析了该种结构的动力性能，并指出：在时域内采用直接积分法计算该种结构的动力响应时，应该考虑采用不引起振幅率减小的Newmark-β法，以保证高阶模态响应的贡献仍然保留在响应中而不致于被忽略。

A positive correlation was found between the solar activity and NO3- concentration in recent 1500 years. A long-standing issue of the nature of the solar activity during the Maunder Minimum was solved. An about 36a cycle was found in the solar activity. Low solar activity and weak geomagnetic field were responsible for the 36Cl peak at about 37ka BP. Climate change recorded in this ice core lagged insolation about 4ka during the last glacial maximum, about 1ka during the last deglaciation, and nearly 0ka during the Holocene.δ18O record also suggests that the variation in temperature on the Tibetan Plateau had some similar features to that in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres during the last deglaciation to some extent, which indicate that the tropics maybe play an important role on global climate change.

揭示出近1500a来古里雅冰芯中NO3-浓度变化可以反映太阳活动的强弱变化；回答了长期争议的并直接关系到太阳发电机理论是否正确的Maunder极小期太阳活动特征问题；发现太阳活动可能存在36a左右的周期；证实了37kaBP左右古里雅冰芯记录中宇宙成因同位素36Cl含量峰值的存在，指出这一时期的宇宙成因同位素峰值事件具有全球性，弱的太阳活动和弱的地磁场是这一事件发生的原因所在；揭示出古里雅冰芯记录到的"8.2ka BP事件"，认为这一全球性事件发生的主要原因与弱的热盐环流和弱的太阳活动有关；发现古里雅冰芯记录的末次冰盛期和末次冰消期气候变化均在一定程度上滞后于太阳辐射变化，而全新世气候变化大致与太阳辐射变化同步；发现末次冰消期高原地区气候变化不仅具有北半球气候变化的某些特征，同时还具有南半球气候变化的某些特征，这说明热带地区可能对全球气候存在重要的影响。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

As the basement to integrate multi-scale spatiotemporal data, the object evolution model can retain the characteristic of the data with different temporal-scale or different spatial-scale, and reflect the temporal changes especially the heteromorphic changes, and the causalities within the evolving process.

本文通过对时空对象变化过程的分析，指出对象进化的结果不仅是特征的变化，还包括机制的变化，其直接动力是对象行为，其根本原因是其内在机制，时空事件起着对象间信息通道的作用，据此提出对象进化模型，该模型可作为多尺度时空数据集成的结构性基础，在反映时空现象的演变过程，特别是异构演变过程，以及在这个过程中产生的因果关系的同时，还可以保留时空数据的不同时间尺度和空间尺度特点，从而达到增加时空数据库的信息量的目的。

On the base of urban bias by Lin Yifu and Yangtao（2000）,the paper indicates that the real causes of famine distribution are the food deficit areas, and the distribution has class nature. The priorities of their entitlements to food is subjected to the direct impact of famine.

在林毅夫和杨涛提出的城市偏向基础上，指出缺粮区的划分才是决定饥荒分布的真正原因，饥荒的分布是阶层性的，各自食物获取权的优先顺序才是遭受饥荒影响程度的直接因素。

After the result of cohesion-friction model is compared with Coulomb Criterion, it is found that when the results of shearing strength are many and adjacent the strength parameters can not be regressed by least square method, instead the results should be divided into some beelines at that time according to the cohesion-friction model.(4) Discuss the characters of hard structural plane and weak structural plane: The adhesive friction theory is applied to research the changing course of shear area of hard structural plane and its influence on shear stress.

3介绍了岩石强度理论中的粘接摩擦模型，运用此模型分析依附型滑动面的演化过程，并将其推广到边坡岩土体抗剪强度的选取，讨论了不同法向应力下峰值强度和残余强度随法向应力的变化规律，在此基础上给出抗剪强度的选取模式，讨论了对实际取值结果的影响，并与传统的Coulomb准则进行了比较分析，指出直剪试验的法向应力在小应力区的点较多且抗剪强度结果差异不大时，不宜直接运用最小二乘法回归抗剪强度参数，此时应结合粘接摩擦模型对结果进行线性分段。

Introduce the cohesion-friction model of rock strength theory, and extend the model to select the strength of sliding plane, discuss the variation rules of peak strength and residual strength under different normal stress, and then present the selection model of shearing strength. After the result of cohesion-friction model is compared with Coulomb Criterion, it is found that when the results of shearing strength are many and adjacent the strength parameters can not be regressed by least square method, instead the results should be divided into some beelines at that time according to the cohesion-friction model.(4) Discuss the characters of hard structural plane and weak structural plane: The adhesive friction theory is applied to research the changing course of shear area of hard structural plane and its influence on shear stress.

3介绍了岩石强度理论中的粘接摩擦模型，运用此模型分析依附型滑动面的演化过程，并将其推广到边坡岩土体抗剪强度的选取，讨论了不同法向应力下峰值强度和残余强度随法向应力的变化规律，在此基础上给出抗剪强度的选取模式，讨论了对实际取值结果的影响，并与传统的Coulomb准则进行了比较分析，指出直剪试验的法向应力在小应力区的点较多且抗剪强度结果差异不大时，不宜直接运用最小二乘法回归抗剪强度参数，此时应结合粘接摩擦模型对结果进行线性分段。

The insiders consist of traditional insiders, constructive insiders, tippers, tippees and misappropriators. The inside information must be unpublished and sensitive to securities' prices. The formulas of counting the damages are proposed. The doctrine of liability fixation should adopt the principle of constructive wrongs. The securities law should directly construct the causality, which relieves the average investors' burdens of proof in order to protect their benefit.

本文提出应将内幕交易主体区分为传统内幕人、推定内幕人、泄露信息者、接受信息者、盗用消息者等几类，并分别予以阐述；内幕信息则需具有两个最重要的条件——非公开及价格敏感性；在损害事实的确定问题上，提出了计算受害方的损失数额的公式，并指出以内幕交易者的全部非法所得为限进行民事赔偿比较公平合理；鉴于受害者无法确知内幕交易者的主观心理状态，在归责原则上宜采过错推定原则；在因果关系的证明上，从保护受害者的角度出发，应采美国做法，立法直接推定因果关系存在，明确规定受害者有损害求偿权，而毋需承担因果关系的举证责任。

Through risk analysis of training, pointed out that (1) the particularity of human capital is the root causes of risk;(2) the lack of evaluation of training effectiveness is the direct cause;(3) the discrepancy of training and other sectors of human resources is the final cause of why training effectiveness is difficult to transform.

通过对培训风险的分析，指出（1）人力资本的特殊性是风险产生的根本原因；（2）对培训效果缺乏评估是培训风险的直接原因；（3）培训与人力资源管理其他环节的脱节是培训效果难以有效转化的最终原因。

In an accompanying editorial, Raili Riikonen, MD, from Children's Hospital at the University of Kuopio, Finland, points out that many neurologists believe status epilepticus in children doesn't differ from that seen in adults."This notion is wrong; data for adults may not be directly applicable to children," Dr. Riikonen writes.

在伴随而来的评论中，芬兰Kuopio大学儿童医院的Raili Riikonen医师指出，有许多神经学家相信孩童癫痫重积状态和成人的没有两样的；Riikonen医师表示，这种见解是错的，从成人得到的资料不能直接用在孩童。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。