直接指出的

Nathan Lyons defined landscape photography under Landscape Photography, in The Encyclopedia of Photography, vol. 11 (New York: Greystone Press, 1962), The central theme of the landscape in the nineteenth century was directed toward the depiction of the 'ideal'. Its depictive quality in its 'truth to nature' was of the utmost importance.

美国摄影家纳森·莱昂斯在他1962年为《摄影百科全书第11卷》撰写的《景观摄影》一章中指出：十九世纪景观概念的中心主题是直接针对'理想'的再现，其再现'自然真相'的品质是最为重要的功能。

This paper discusses the theoretical mechanism in the formation of diacetyl, identifiesseveral factors that directly determine the content of diacetyl in beer and, on the base ofthe practice of Huiquan Beer brewing, puts forward a whole set of methods for the control of diacetyl in beer brewing.

本文对双乙酰形成的机理进行理论上的探讨，指出直接影响双乙酰含量的几个因素并结合惠泉啤酒生产过程的实际提出一套控制双乙酰的方法。

Full acknowledgement for all information obtained from sources outside the classroom must be clearly stated in all written work submitted. All ideas, arguments, and direct phrasings taken from someone else's work must be identified and properly footnoted. Quotations from other sources must be clearly marked as distinct from the student's own work.

所有呈交的作品中，所有课堂外所获得的资讯皆须完整、清楚地注明；所有由他人作品而来的的想法、辩论、直接措辞都必须指出并注解；从其他资料中引用，必须清楚地标明以区分於学生本身的作品。

Full acknowledgement for all information obtained from sources outside the classroom must be clearly stated in all written work submitted. All ideas, arguments, and direct phrasings taken from someone else's work must be identified and properly footnoted. Quotations from other sources must be clearly marked as distinct from the student's own work.

所有呈交的作品中，所有课堂外所获得的资讯皆须完整、清楚地注明；所有由他人作品而来的的想法、辩论、直接措辞都必须指出并注解；从其他资料中引用，必须清楚地标明以区分于学生本身的作品。

This paper discusses some application cases of the error propagation law by the examples of trigonometrical survey, and presents that not only sum function and numeral multipling function in which there is only one independent observed value but also more complex functions which are equal in mathematics are not opposite in the process of error propagation according to the error propagation law.

1引言本文以三角测量为例，对误差传播定律一些应用问题进行了讨论，指出当只有一个独立的观测值时，和函数与倍数函数运用误差传播定律不会出现悖论；如果在测量工作中有多余的直接观测值，就需用平差后的间接观测值按协方差传播律来计算，这样数学中相等的函数关系才能得到同样的函

What about the thought that hedge funds undermine the idea of efficient markets? Instead, Mr Lo suggests an alternative concept: adaptive market theory. Under that system, he says, spare $20 notes do exist, maybe not on the high street, but in remote culs-de-sac.

对于对冲基金的表现是否与有效市场思想冲突的问题，作者没有直接回答，而是提出了另一种概念：适应性市场理论，指出躺在地上的20美元钞票是存在的，只不过不是在大街上，而是在死胡同里。

And point out the essence of the network economy is the technology-economy innovations occurred by technology innovation. Then summing up the new characters of the network economy. Point out the law of the network economy. Put forward the economic character of the network under the double economic effect, And emphasized the microanalyses and case demonstration, validated the direct extra- economic character of the network and the indirect extra- economic character of the network. Finally, Analyses the influence of the network economy on the traditional economics theory.

然后对网络经济的新特征作了归纳总结，指出了网络经济的发展规律，提出了网络倍增效应下的网络经济性，并重点对网络外部经济性效应进行微观分析和案例实证，验证了网络直接外部经济性效应和间接外部经济性效应，最后分析了网络经济对传统经济理论构成的冲击。

The dissertation will introduce the background of the crisis, trying to find out the reasons, discussing the measures Argentina taken in the international arbitral tribunals, the means will be taken in the courts of Argentina. The dissertation points out that the economic crisis directly caused the international investment arbitration crisis and the investment law reformation constitutes the basic reason. In the late 1990, Argentina signed lots of Bilateral Investment Treaties, which abandoned the Calvo Doctrine, accepted the jurisdiction of ICSID, and accorded the foreign investors high level protection.

通过考察，本文指出阿根廷经济危机是阿根廷国际投资仲裁危机的直接原因，阿根廷国际投资法律自由化改革是阿根廷国际投资仲裁危机的根本原因。20世纪90年代末期，阿根廷签订的双边投资条约背弃了卡尔沃主义，完全接受了国际投资仲裁机构的管辖权，并给予外国投资者高标准的保护。

Based on the multi-body dynamics and virtual prototyping technology,using the software ADAMS,which include two states: straight line and swerving,it was pointed out that crosswinds had great effect on vehicle steering stability and safety.

分别在有无阵风作用的情况下，以多体动力学为理论基础，采用虚拟样机技术，用ADAMS软件进行了汽车的直线行驶及转向行驶能力的分析，指出侧风对汽车操纵稳定性的影响将直接影响到汽车的高速行驶安全性。

As the Chinese and English language ,there are large cultural differences and different nations owns different understanding towards the color words,and cultural differences of the color words easily lead to misunderstanding of the East Westerners to understand.

现代抽象派艺术的奠基人瓦西里·康定斯基在所著的《论艺术的精神》（&On the Spiritual in Ar t &）中指出：&色彩直接影响着精神&。在人类语言里，存在着大量记录颜色的符号——颜色词。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。