直接成本

This situation, which has a direct impact on our production cost, forced us to modify the cost of our products.

这一形势对我们的产品成本有直接的影响，迫使我们修改成本。

Thus the direct labor cost of making automobiles in the automobile factories themselves may be less than a third, say, of the total costs; and this may lead the incautious to conclude that a 30 percent increase in wages would lead to only a 10 percent increase, or less, in automobile prices.

以汽车装配为例，汽车工厂生产汽车的直接人工成本，可能不到总成本的1/3；有些人根据这个数字轻率地下结论说，工资增加30%，汽车价格只会上涨10%或更少。

This practice can yield inaccurate casts, for two reasons. First, in manufacturing settings that are highly automated, the bulk of overhead cost incurrence is not related to direct laboi—hours or casts.

这样做会导致不精确的成本计算，理由有二：1，在高度自动化加工条件下，制造费用的发生额与直接人工工时或成本不相关。

Newcharacteristics of supply include: the transmission of Net-commodity I through intemet--intemet supply, and the direct supply caused by the reduction in the links of commodity circulation. Because of its unique cost structure, the supply of Net-commodity I is that of zero marginal cost and its supply curve is level. What is corresponding with demand expression is mass customization, and thus leading to the integration of supply and demand.

在供给上的新特点包括：网络商品Ⅰ通过网络的传输——网络化供给；流通环节减少导致的直接化供给；由于独特的成本结构，网络商品Ⅰ的供给是零边际成本的供给，它的供给曲线是水平的；与需求的表达相对应的是定制化供给，由此也导致了供给和需求一体化的趋势。

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hedging costs and check the net present value where the death rate of mortality table is hedging cost, using Monte Carlo simulation.

本研究目的是评价这二种方案之避险成本，并检验保险业实务上常以台湾经验生命表之死亡率直接当作避险成本费用率，其寿险公司的损益程度。

Third, in the aspect of influence of knowledge transaction cost factors and knowledge transfer mechanisms on knowledge transfer performances, knowledge transaction cost factors such as "trust","task uncertainty","information completeness","information asymmetry", and "knowledge tacitness" had direct and indirect influence on knowledge transfer performances.

在知识交易成本因子与知识移转机制其对知识移转绩效之影响方面，「信任」、「任务不确定性」、「资讯完备性」、「资讯不对称性」与「知识内隐性」等知识交易成本因子，则对知识移转绩效同时存在有直接与间接影响。

Variable costs: Costs that vary directly with the number of products produced.

可变成本：成本，直接与各不相同数目的产品。

Distribution is an operation linking directly with consumers,and takes account for considerable proportion in variable costs in logistics.

配送是物流活动中直接与消费者相连的环节。配送成本占物流的各项成本的比例相当高。

But its limitation of invasive technique and high cost made the noninvasive and low cost brachioankle pulse wave velocity became a new possible predictor of ventricular arrhythmias on patient under hemodialysis. But no study had been done for the correlation of baPWV and ventricular arrhythmias directively on the patients under hemodialysis.

但是因其为侵入性技术且成本偏高的限制，使得非侵袭性且低成本的上臂足踝脉波速率，成为接受血液透析患者发生心律不整的一个可能预测因子，但是未曾直接探讨过彼此之间的关联。

Xu Anbin: The conference with the more immediate impact of economic crisis is our IDC operation business, when individual stationmaster goes looking for IDC operation business to buy a server, when been compare a little according to the economy previously, a server gives IDC operation business head of a station, buy a server, oneself throw a server, hire our stationmaster by the month, our stationmaster presses this moment it is good that the month pays fee, nodical cash pledge, but economic crisis came, everybody does not have money, when this time head of a station looks for them to hire a server again, pay them by the month already not quite actual, the hire that we discover a server now is according to the quarter, year hiring, not according to will pay by the month, the cost of this moment operation can rise, the income of individual stationmaster actually not tall also, I am in 98 years when myself does individual website, we are the free spaces that put a tradition at that time, to 2000 when I just have a server, the doorsill that I see operation cost now can be higher threshold to them.

许广彬：经济危机的影响更直接的会是我们的IDC运营商，个人站长去找IDC运营商购买服务器的时候，按照以前的经济稍微比较好的时候，IDC运营商一台服务器给站长，买一台服务器，自己投入服务器，按月租给我们的站长，这个时候我们的站长按月付费就好了，交点押金，但是经济危机来了，大家都没有钱，这个时候站长再找他们租服务器的时候，按月付给他们已经不太现实了，现在我们发现服务器的租用都是按照季度，年在租，没有按照按月来付，这个时候运营的成本就会提高，个人站长的收入其实也不高，我在98年的时候我自己做个人网站，那个时候我们都是放传统的免费空间，到2000年的时候我才拥有一台服务器，现在我看运营成本的门槛对他们会是比较高的门槛。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。