直接成本

This paper presents a notion of airplane-flight pairing assignment cost as the evaluating index, and analyzes three compositions of the costs: flight direct operation cost, flight spill cost and amercement cost, then, educes flight direct operation costaccording to the cost theory lodged by the Air Transportation Association wor.

本文提出飞机-航班节分配成本的概念作为其评估指标，分析该成本的三个组成：航班直接运行成本、航班溢出成本和罚成本，并根据航空运输协会工作组提出的成本理论得出航班直接运行成本，构造旅客溢出的概率模型，引入罚成本的相关系数。

In short, the common ratio in the electrical network can facilitate the selection of customers to the Heart of goods, direct access to low cost, rapid and received the original physical, practical enjoy legal protection.

通过与一线品牌家电厂家的直接合作，规范的流程，科学的管理，搭建一个集约的低成本的销售渠道，去除商品在传统销售模式下的附加成本，顾客可以直接顺畅的获取到低廉的价格

By the look of content of the difference, the cost variance has had direct material cost variance, artificial cost variance and cost variance of the manufacturing expense directly.

从差异的内容看，成本差异有直接材料成本差异、直接人工成本差异和制造费用成本差异。

Acceptance Criteria Activity Duration Estimation; Activity Definition; Activity Sequencing; Addenda Approved budget Arbitration Award of Contract ; Award Criteria Audits Balanced Matrix; Baseline Bill of Quantities Brainstorming Characteristic Checklists civil engineering civil building Claims Clarify Closing Communication Management Communications Planning Communications Skills Communication channels or paths Completion Computer-based Concrete structure Conditions of Contract Conflict Management Contract Management Contract administration Change Control Contract Closure Contract file Contract agreement; Contractual obligations Contractor Contractor's Representative Construction Management Planning Contract Price Control Chart Cost Estimating; Cost of Quality Cost Control Cost Budgeting Cost Management Co-operation Failure costs Critical Path Feedback Fixed-price Fossils Force Majeure Daywork Functional Organization Decision; Fundamental Tenets Decision Tree Defects Liability Definitions Delphi technique General Rules Deliverables General Provisions Deviation; Generation Direct Costs Discounted cash flow; Dissemination Highway engineering; Discharge Human Resource Management; Disputes Human Resource Planning Drawings Hydraulic engineering; Hydroelectric engineering; Employer's Taking Over Identity Certificate Evaluation of Tenders Initiating Process Group; Executing Process Group Instructions to Tenderers Industrial building Investment payback analysis; Ineffective Individual and team performance Information Distribution Negotiation Indirect Costs Nominated Subcontractors Incentive bonus Information Technology Interpretation; Insurance Observation Inspections Off-site Online On-the-job training Opening of Tender

验收标准活动时间的估计；活动的定义；活动序列分析；增编核定预算仲裁授予合同；授标标准审计平衡矩阵；基线工程量清单集思广益特性清单土木工程民用建筑索赔澄清闭幕通信管理通信规划沟通技巧沟通渠道或路径完成以计算机为基础的混凝土结构合同条件冲突管理合同管理合同管理变更控制合同结束合同文件合同协议；合同义务承包承包商的代表规划建设管理合同价格控制图成本估算；质量成本成本控制成本预算成本管理合作失败成本关键路径反馈固定价格化石不可抗力计日工职能组织决定；基本原理决策树缺陷责任定义德尔福技术的一般规则交付的一般规定偏差；代直接费用贴现现金流量；传播公路工程；放电的人力资源管理；争端的人力资源规划图纸水利工程；水电工程；雇主接管身份证书评标启动过程组；执行过程组指示的投标工业建设投资回报分析；无效个人和团队的业绩信息分配谈判指定分包商的间接费用激励奖金信息技术解释；保险观察视察场外在线在职培训开幕投标

Therefore, just like the direct material variance, when the labor cost for a task differs from standard, the direct labor variance can be divided into a labor efficiency variance and a labor rate variance.

正像直接材料差异那样，对一项工作的实际成本与标准成本之间的比较，直接人工成本也可以分成工时量差异和工资率差异两部分来分析。

The result shows that, the Direct Power Supply Model is inexorable selection of the whole social and economic development and the Yangtze River Power Corporation development. It also assesses one proposed strategy and finds that the active participation in price competition for networking, may help display the obvious low cost advantage of the hydropower enterprise, and the strive for direct power supply may afford more opportunity for the low cost enterprise to touch some of the end users. This not only helps to break the monopolized (currently an actually single agent) power purchase system, but also creates a policy advantage which helps the local areas to directly use the local water resources to develop large industries (for adjusting the industrial structure, increasing employment and especially for the relocation of emigrants). It also helps to develop the regional economy. Besides, this strategy will also promote the cooperation with other related enterprises, and thus promote the development of a multiple-element industry. Because the Direct Power Supply Model can make the low cost hydropower firm master partly terminal customers, then it is a normous chance for the low cost hydropower firm.

研究结果表明，直供电商业经营模式是中国整个社会经济发展和长江电力公司企业发展的必然要求和选择，在理论和实践也是切实可行的；直供电商业模式不局限于定向"电力公司"——电网购电客户，也应可约定直接向大用户，这样可以使低成本的水电公司有机会掌握部分终端客户，这除了可以打破当前实质上的单一主体的垄断购电体制外，还可以为直接利用当地水能资源、发展大工业、调整产业结构、增加就业尤其是安置移民、进而创造相当的政策性优势，进而促进区域经济发展，同时，还将有利于促进本企业与有关企业合作，发展相关多元化产业；由于直供电商业经营模式可以让低成本的水电公司掌握部分终端客户，所以对低成本的水电公司是一个巨大的机遇。

Project cost includes direct cost, other direct cost, worksite expense, indirect cost and nonproduction expense.

工程成本包括直接费、其他直接费、现场经费、间接费和非生产费用支出；追加价格包括设计变更、施工索赔以及区域内滚动发展的其他项目投资；创优增量成本包括质量、安全、工期、环保、文明施工等增量成本。

Are you keeping a close enough eye on your direct costs, your overheads and your assets?

你是否保持著密切的足够关注您的直接成本，间接您和您的资产？

The ratio of direct cost is the top one input variable which is needed to be reduced to certain level for efficiency improvement through our slack variable analysis.

而由差额变数分析得知，投入变数部份皆有须减少投入的情况，其中须灭少比例较多之投入变数为直接成本率。

A univariate ANOVA is executed to analyze the influencing factors of the production cost by dividing it into direct material, direct labor cost, indirect cost and total cost separately. It is found that the variables of farm scale and crop type show significant impacts in the direct labor cost and total production cost. The one-crop farming variable makes significant difference in the total production cost; whereas different planting ways differentiates the indirect cost. In addition, years of farming, farmer's age, and full-time status all make no significant difference in all aspects of production cost.

此外，将农场生产成本分为直接材料、直接人工、间接成本、总生产成本四面向进行多因子变异数分析，结果发现耕作面积、作物类型变项仅在有机农场的直接人工和总生产成本中有显著差异；有机农场是否为单一经营在总生产成本上有显著差异；不同栽培方式的有机农场仅在间接成本的高低上有显著差异；此外，而耕作年数变项因本研究有机农场耕作年数较高之样本特性影响，导致该变项对生产成本并无显著的差异；年龄、专兼业经营等变项在生产成本上高低并无显著差异。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。