直接成本

The veracity and rapidness of manufacturing cost estimation can not only be propitious to the control and management of enterprise's activities but also influence the enterprise to execute market analysis and the consistency of product data.

准确、快速估算制造成本，不仅便于企业的生产活动的控制和管理，而且直接影响企业对市场的分析和产品数据的一致性。

The structure of the control system was simplified and the cost was reduced.

该方法简化了控制结构，降低了控制成本，实现了无刷直流电机的直接转矩控制运行。

If a surface tram is designed with exclusive tracks it will, of course, occupy a part of the roads, creating a crowding-out effect for the use of automobiles. It could also highlight the relative competitiveness of different meansof transport: During traffic peak hours riding on a light track tram that runs on an exclusive track will be still smooth, while when driving a car yourself I'm afraid you won't be able to avoid getting stuck in traffic. By using public transport you can spare yourself the trouble of looking for a parkingspace. When driving yourself you do not only face the inconvenience of parking, but at the same time also the fact that the direct and indirect costs are high. Taking public transport allows you to rebuild your energy, while driving yourself forces you to pay undivided attention…These comparativestrengths, resulting from reallocation through government intervention, can achieve the ultimate goal of encouraging public transport and containing private transport.

地面电车如果设计成专用轨道，当然会占据一部份的道路，对小汽车的使用造成排挤效果，也会呈现出不同交通方式的竞争比对：交通尖峰时段搭乘专用车道轻轨电车依然顺畅，自己开车恐怕就不可避免塞在路上；使用公共运输可免找寻停车位之苦，自己开车不但停车不便，同时间接与直接金钱成本都不低；搭乘公共运输可以养精蓄锐，自己开车就得全神灌注…；这些因为公权力介入重分配所造成的比较优势，可以达到鼓励公共运输、抑制私人交通的终极目的。

The scale formation is main factor to influence improvement of evaporation efficiency.

蒸发效率的高低直接影响氧化铝生产能耗及成本，结疤是影响蒸发效率提高的主要因素。

The spinning frame plays a very important role in production, the cost that the stability of controlling systematic function influenced production directly.

细纱机在生产中起着很重要的作用，控制系统性能的稳定直接影响到生产的成本。

Sponge iron is also called direct reduced iron. It is a kind of irreplaceable and high-quality steel raw material.

项目背景： Project background 海绵铁又称直接还原铁，是冶炼高等级钢材不可替代的原材料，不仅能替代废钢，而且可以大幅度降低生产成本，缩短生产周期，提高优质钢的质量。

Finally,the process conditions establish foundation of biotransformation for utilizing starchiness,expand raw material source,and reduce cost of producing lactic acid. And the process conditions of producing L－lactic acid from potato starch were established and provide the scientific foundation for commercial process.

探索出利用马铃薯淀粉为原料直接发酵制备L－乳酸的生产工艺条件，为综合利用淀粉质等生物质原料进行生物转化奠定了基础，并拓宽和增加了发酵生产L－乳酸的原料来源渠道，降低L－乳酸的生产成本，为大规模工业化生产L－乳酸提供了科学依据。

Soil settlement after construction by using prefabricated strip drains and preloading method is analysed.

故工后沉降直接关系到高速铁路的运营能力、维修模式和成本。

In the system of modern manufacture, NC machining equipment is the core of manufacture system and the important subassembly of the modern manufacture system.

数控加工中的一个重要环节是设计出刀具轨迹，刀具轨迹设计质量的好坏，将直接影响零件的加工质量及加工成本。

Analysis of its causes, in addition to the traditional sense of "historical influence of traditional" factors such generalization, but also by the concept of modern democracy-building in the village at the end; imperfect system of village representatives, the lack of monitoring the implementation of the institutions; villages appeared on behalf of villagers with the villagers of the impact of social stratification efficiency; Basis as a result of poor villages, the villagers than the cost of representatives of institutional arrangements for the proceeds of a direct impact on such factors.

分析其原因，除了在传统意义上的"受传统历史影响"这类普遍化因素外，还受到现代民主理念末在该村庄建立；村民代表制度不完善，缺乏监督执行的机构；村庄出现村民代表与村民的社会分层影响效能发挥；由于村庄基础较差，村民代表会议制度安排成本高于收益等因素的直接影响。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。