直接影响

Shareholders are short of a restriction-and-balance mechanism. For state-owned enterprises, the final managers of the assets are holding the absolute majority of shares and indifferent to asset efficiency. For civil enterprises, the enterprise under control may just be a chessman on board, which means its strategy can be scarified for exchange for holding companies'interests. Different information advantages cause different supervision costs. Large costs can cause the shareholders to waive the supervision rights, which may be acquired by other stakeholders like managers, so even dispersive shareholder structure may go through strategic failure. The healthiness of external supervision regulation can influent the strategic participation of shareholders, since it directly influents the interest expectation of shareholders.

对国有企业来讲，大部分存在一股独大的特征，而国有资产最后管理者缺乏对资产效益的内在关心，这是导致管理者缺位的关键；对民营企业来讲，被控股企业可能是其投资安排的一个棋子，如果牺牲部分利益可以换得更多利益，或者能够将股份公司的利益直接转移到控股公司，企业的战略失败就很难避免；股东们的信息优势不同，造成监督代价不同，如果监督的代价过大就会导致股东放弃监督，而股东放弃的监督权必然被其他利益相关者，如经理人获得并被利用，因此分散的股东群体也可能出现战略失败；外部监督法规的健全与否对股东的战略参与行为有重大影响，因为它直接影响了股东的利益预期。

Among them the influence factor of the stock is mainly: Fund manager select stocks ability, investment style and ability to deal with the accident, national macroeconomy situation factor, the market value of stock usually have the direct influence to the fund net value; To bond part in the net value of the fund, interest rate and the investment ability of fund manager concerns the value level of this part of assets directly, because the securities regulator of our country has made the regulation to the proportion of the fund investment bond besides this, so, this proportion will restrict fund managers investment on the bond either, thus exercise an influence on some value of bond ; Besides stock and two bond, to another important component in the net value composition --The cash, we will all sum up its factor of exerting an influence for the mobile risk factor, namely the risk as a reasult of the exility of cash.

其中股票方面的影响因素主要是：基金经理的选股能力、投资风格和选时能力以及大盘走势与突发事件、国家宏观经济形势因素，股票市值通常受到这些因素的直接影响；对于基金净值中的债券部分来说，利率和基金经理的投资能力直接关系到这部分资产的价值高低，除此以外由于我国证券监管机构对基金投资债券的比例作了规定，因此，该比例也会制约基金经理在债券上的投资，从而对债券部分价值发生影响；除了股票和债券两部分以外，对于净值构成中的另一重要组成部分——现金，我们将对其产生影响的因素全部归纳为流动性风险因素，即由于现金的稀缺而导致的风险。

The local content requirements have a direct effect on the host country s market of middle-stage prod- ucts and an indirect effect on foreign direct investment and mobility of free trade.

当地成分要求直接影响东道国中间产品市场，间接影响外国直接投资和贸易自由流动。

BUT THE FACT THAT DAY-TO-DAY BEHAVIORS IN SHENZHEN AND BANGALORE HAVE DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE EFFECTS ON PEOPLE FROM WICHITA TO STRASBOURG, FROM RIO DE JANEIRO TO SYDNEY, OR THAT UNSCRUPULOUS LENDERS AND CARELESS BORROWERS IN THE UNITED STATES CAN UPEND ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS EVERYWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD, NO MATTER HOW CAREFULLY OTHERS HAVE PLANNED, MEANS THAT THERE ARE MANY MORE MOVING PARTS THAT AFFECT EACH OTHER.

但是，在深圳和邦加罗尔，日复一日的现实生活是直接相关的，对从威奇托到斯特拉斯堡，从里约热内卢到悉尼的人们产生直接影响。再比如，不管你多么精于计划，美国境内那些肆无忌惮的贷款人和无忧无虑的借款人还是能够颠覆世界其他地区的经济预期，这意味着有更多的移动部件在相互影响。

Inflammation per se may be responsible for mild airflow limitation.7 8 9 Indeed, it has been suggested that inflammation may lead to functional bronchiolar constriction by releasing mediators that may act directly on bronchiolar smooth muscle.10 The chronicity of inflammation would, in turn, produce other changes such as airways fibrosis, and may increase the smooth muscle mass either directly as a result of inflammation or indirectly as a result of chronically increased muscle tone.

炎症本身导致了气流限速轻微下降。而事实上它提示了由于释放的介质直接作用于细支气管平滑肌上，炎症引起了功能性细支气管的缢痕。慢性炎症反多来又会产生气道纤维化等其他改变，这样无论是炎症反应的直接影响结果，还是慢性肌紧张增高的直接影响结果，都会增加平滑肌质量。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area;2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support;3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier;4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling;5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene PolymerizationIn this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that:1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS;2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours;3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现；3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布；4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒；5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明：1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致；2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响；3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area; 2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support; 3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier; 4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling; 5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization In this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that: 1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS; 2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours; 3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现； 3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布； 4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒； 5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明： 1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致； 2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响； 3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

The key problem for limb , skin or other composite tissues transplantation is to control posttransplantation rejection , which encumbers long term functional survival of transplanted organ and tissues .

作为皮肤复合组织移植的受者，术后出现排斥反应的几率很高，排斥反应发生的程度和频率将直接影响移植组织能否长期存活及功能能否及时恢复，而免疫抑制剂的个体化用药是否合理又直接影响术后免疫排斥反应发生的频率和程度，因此为受者&量体裁衣&制定免疫抑制剂术后个体化给药方案，是保证移植组织或器官有功能性的长期存活的关键因素之一。

The result also showed the psychological support can remarkably boost prentices' organizational commitment, but the function on job performance was divided into direct effect and indirect effect, namely the organizational commitment had the mediation effect to the relationship between psychological support and job performance. Besides, the career support had feeble direct effect on prentices' turnover intention, and the psychological support worked on prentices' turnover intention totally via the organizational commitment.

结构方程模型检验的结果显示，师徒关系中的职业支持和心理支持都对徒弟的工作绩效存在着显著的正面影响，其中职业支持对徒弟工作绩效的直接影响作用更大；心理支持对徒弟的组织承诺有显著的预测作用，而对徒弟的工作绩效的作用，一部分是直接效应，另一部分则是通过组织承诺来实施的；职业支持对徒弟的离职意愿只存在着薄弱的直接效应，心理支持则是完全通过影响徒弟的组织承诺来影响徒弟的离职倾向。

The fuzz diameter showed the most direct effect on the wool yield of Angora rabbit at 110 days old and followed by shag diameter. The shag length showed the negatively direct effect on the wool yield of Angora rabbit at 110 days old.

结论］细毛细度对长毛兔110日龄产毛量的直接影响最大，粗毛细度次之；粗毛长度对110日龄产毛量是负的直接影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。