直接因素

laser technique ; polarized light ; wave plate ; phase retardation

由于实验过程中有各种因素，如光源的起伏，光电探测器的动态范围、本底电流等，对用测量光强来确定波片的延迟量无疑会直接

Cervical cancer induced by HPV18 is a result of co-effecting by polygene and multiple factors.

HPV18引发宫颈癌是多因素多基因共同作用的结果，它们通过相互调节、网络调控直接或间接地导致宫颈癌的发生发展，可望进一步分析证实以明确HPV引发宫颈癌的精确分子机制。

External regulator of positive feedback is variation of precipitation amount and frequency of extreme precipitation. It is shown that desertification is predetermined by the decreased precipitation as well as by the decrease in frequency of precipitation. In the second half of 20th century importance of man-induced degradation of dry lands as additional regulator of positive feedback has been increased.

正反馈的外部调节因子是降水量的变化和极端降水事件的出现频率，降水量减少以及降水频率的降低直接影响沙漠化的程度。20世纪下半叶，人类因素导致的干旱土地退化作为另外的正反馈调节因子，其重要性正在增加。

Apparently, their security is directly related to the reliability of the operation of national power grids. Whereas wind loading is one of the key factors which impact the reliability.

显然，它们的安全性直接关系到国家电网运行的可靠性，而风荷载是影响它们安全性的主要因素之一。

There is a hypothesis of the model that sky is clear,many atmospheric parameters are not taken into account,such as cloud cover and precipitable water content of the atmosphere.

通过实验区域的实地采集数据验证，本模型计算的直接太阳辐射量和日照时间的准确率可达到90％以上，散射辐射由于有很多因素没有考虑，还有待进一步的研究。

The problem of wind leakage in rotary air preheater was discussed in this paper.

本文对回转式空气预热器漏风问题进行了研究和分析，得出直接漏风是空气预热器漏风的主要因素。

Particularly, large numbers generating,primality testing and Modular computing,which directly affect the speed of RSA were analyzed and discussed.These provided a comprehensive theoretical basis for this subject.

认真分析了直接影响RSA速度的关键因素--大数生成、素性检测和大数模乘运算等，为开展课题研究奠定了理论基础。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist"s attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What"s more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refining process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有"三明治"结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist's attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What's more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refinin g process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有"三明治"结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

According to these thinkers, sense-data as defined by Russell cannot be the most primitive, direct element of experience because it requires too much conscious effort to be aware of them.

根据这些思想家，感官数据所界定的罗素不可能是最原始的，直接的因素的经验，因为它需要太多自觉努力了解他们。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。