直接因子

Nature slope and sea level elevation are two important intrinsicenvironmental factors of land resource which have some direct effects on the use and productive forces of land.

坡度和高程是土地资源固有的二个重要环境因子，对土地利用和土地生产力有直接作用。

Biotic and abiotic factors influencing soil respiration were found to affect both root/rhizosphere and microbial respirations.

凡影响土壤总呼吸的生物与非生物因子都会直接或间接地影响根呼吸与土壤微生物呼吸。

Method］Isolated bMSCs were cultured in vitro. rh Fibroblast Growth Factor 1(rhFGF-1)、rh Transforming Growth Factor-β1(rhTGF-β1)、rh Insulinlike Growth Factor-Ⅰ were utilizated. The proliferation of cells was detected by MTT assay, and the macroscopic histology , HE staining and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to seek the best cell factor. In vivo , to investigate the repair of the articular cartilage, bMSCs combined with fibrin glue and rhTGF-β1、rhIGF-I was compared with control group.

方法］rhFGF1、rhTGF-β1、rhIGF-I单独或联合应用对骨髓基质干细胞进行体外诱导培养，应用常规染色、MTT、免疫组织化学染色的方法筛选诱导骨髓基质干细胞成软骨细胞的最佳细胞因子，并将其与骨髓基质干细胞复合于纤维蛋白凝胶制成凝胶复合物，直接种植到兔膝关节实验性关节软骨缺损处，并与对照组相比较，观察软骨修复效果。

The dose-dependent experiment revealed that Id1 antagonised E47 and Ets1 mediated transcriptional activation in a dose-dependent manner. With pGL3-870 as a template, site-directed mutagenesis of E-box and / or ETS-binding site was introduced into p16 promoter. E47 could not activate the transcription of p16 promoter with E-boxes mutated, and Ets1 could not activate the transcription of p16 promoter with EBS mutated. The synergy effect between E47 and Ets1 would occur only if the E-boxes and EBS were present. These facts demonstrated that E47 and Ets1 proteins were not recruited to the promoter by binding to other cis-elements or through interaction with other protein factors, however, they bound to DNA directly through respective consensus sequences in p16 promoter.

以pGL3-870为模板，构建了E-box或/和EBS点突变的p16启动子报告基因载体，将野生型和突变型的报告载体分别与pI-E47、pI-Etsl以及pI-E47+pI-Ets1共转染，发现E47和Ets1所诱导的转录激活作用依赖于启动子DNA上存在的各自的特异结合序列，二者的协同作用也只有当两个结合位点都存在时才会发生，说明E47和Ets1不是与其它作用元件或其它蛋白质因子相作用而被招募到该启动子的，它们是通过启动子上各自的特异结合位点与DNA直接结合的。

The results of this reseach showed that administration of SF intracolonically had protective effect on the colon injury in the rat model of colitis induced by acetic acid enema, which was probably due to the mechanism of antioxidation, inhibition ofarachidonic acid metabolis and platelets activation, administration of SF intracolonically also showed protective effect on the colon injury in the rat model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol, which was probably due to antioxidation and inhibition of macrophages activation.

实验研究表明，大鼠分别经乙酸、TNBS和乙醇处理后均出现典型的结肠炎症状，给药后分别评价结肠粘膜损伤指标、结肠组织病理变化，检测结肠组织炎症指标、结肠组织氧化损伤指标及主要炎性细胞因子改变；实验结果：阿魏酸钠对大鼠乙酸性结肠炎结肠粘膜损伤具有缓解保护作用，其机制可能与直接抑制炎症结肠粘膜花生四烯酸代谢过度，抑制血小板活化，清除大量氧自由基有关；阿魏酸钠对大鼠TNBS性结肠炎粘膜免疫损伤亦具有缓解保护作用，其机制可能与抗氧化，抑制结肠巨噬细胞活化有关。

After 5 days of coculture, the percentage of CD4 CD25 T cells was detected by flow cytometry. T cell proliferation was assessed by ［3H］ thymidine incorporation using a liquid scintillation counter. The expression of Foxp3 in CD4 CD25 T cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

众多学者对其可能的作用机制进行了研究，目前认为可能通过与免疫细胞（如T细胞，树突状细胞，B细胞等）直接接触［3］或通过改变细胞因子分泌网络间接影响免疫细胞发挥效应有关，但确切机制仍不清楚。

Chinese traditional medicines with haematopoiesis are very important in Chinese medicines,and their molecular mechanisms in regulating haematopoiesis are close related to the cytokine network.

补血中药在我国中医药宝库中占有十分重要的地位，中药调控造血的分子机制与细胞因子网络直接相关。

TNF-αis a kind of be able to direct tumor cell death caused by cytokines.

TNF-α是一类能够直接造成肿瘤细胞死亡的细胞因子。

Homas himself therapeutic feeding programs for their confidence, she thought that their diet program can completely replace the take medicine program, is currently the Technical University of Bloemfontein, South Africa, the food is of such conduct in-depth study with a view to give a scientific explanation .

细胞释放淋巴因子，具备细胞毒性，与靶细胞特异性结合，破坏靶细胞膜，直接杀伤靶细胞，不产生抗体，使免疫效应扩大和增强。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。