直接因子

The recognition mechanisms of GGR and TCR to UVB-induced photodamages were summarized: Xeroderma Pigmentosum group C, the recognition factor in GGR, executed its function avoiding direct contacting with lesions; the conversion between monomer and dimer of Cockayne syndrome B protein was underlined in the recognition of TCR; ubiquitylation mediated by DNA damage binding protein played an important role in NER recognization at chromatin level; moreover, the fate of the recognition factors was also discussed.

识别因子XPC通过一种不直接识别损伤本身的机制在GGR识别过程中发挥作用；在TCR识别过程中强调了关键因子CSB单体及二聚体两种形式的转换。在染色质水平上，DDB介导的泛素化作用是NER识别过程中重要的调控要素。另外，完成使命的识别因子的最终走向也是NER途径中的一个重要环节。通过分析上述生化过程，较清楚地总结了GGR及TCR对UVB导致的光损伤的识别机制。

DCs acquired by our reformed methods express both CD83 and CD 14 molecules highly, and have a higher density than other domestic reports. The higher TNF in DCs culture medium of HC patient suggests DCs in patient still have antigen presenting ability and by optimization the culture medium would improve its presenting ability and have a potential value in design and application individual vaccine. Although antigens pulsed DCs have a decrescent antigen presenting ability but BCG HSP70 could induce its mature and improve its presenting ability. Suggests BCG HSP70 would be a useful mature inducer. Lymphocytes primed by DCs based HC vaccine have the specific cytotoxicity against HCC lines. The CTL after freezing and anabiotic could prophylaxis and therapy HC xenograft on nude mouse. The results also suggests that CD4〓 lymphocytes play a important role in HC with a good differentiation and would be useful in treatment this kind of HC. After being activated by Peptide LLNQHACAV of hAFP and apoptotic HCCs pulsed DCs respectively, the culture medium of activated lymphocytes both contains a high level Th1 cytokines IL-12 and TNF. Primed lymphocytes appeared a characteristic of NK cells. DCs not only inhibited the growth of human HCC and other cancer cells in vitro but also prevented the growth of HC xenograft on nude mouse in vivo. There are at least three kinds of mechanism playing important role in DC based vaccine ,there are inhibition of DCs, HC specific CTL and cytokines pathway.

诱导出的DC共同表达CD83和CD14分子，CD83分子表达明显高于国内报道；肝癌患者DC培养上清中TNF水平高于健康人，提示肝癌患者DC仍具一定的抗原呈递能力，适当调控可使其行使APC功能，以期在肝癌个体化疫苗中发挥作用；DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后，抗原呈递能力降低，BCG HSP70可促进DC成熟，增加其抗原呈递能力，预示BCG HSP70有可能成为促进DC活化和成熟的另一重要分子；肝癌DC疫苗在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化的淋巴细胞在体外对肝癌细胞的杀伤以特异性CTL为主，同时分泌较高水平Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并抑制4种肝癌细胞生长；冷冻复苏后的肝癌特异性淋巴细胞可以预防和抑制人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤，提示DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后诱发的MHC-Ⅱ类限制性CD4〓T细胞有可能在分化程度高的肝癌治疗中发挥作用；用DC和HLA-A2〓DC分别负载凋亡肝癌细胞和hAFP218-226位LLNQHACAV HLA-A2限制性九肽，在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化后的CTL细胞分泌较高水平的Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并具较强杀伤活性，此CTL同时具备NK细胞特征；DC对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用可能是通过吞噬实现的，Fas-L在DC抑制中也起一定作用；DC对人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制率为97％；在肝癌DC疫苗的作用中，至少联合3种以上机制，即通过DC的直接作用、肝癌特异性CTL和细胞因子途径直接或间接地杀伤和抑制肝癌细胞。

VEGF can specifically increase the dividing, proliferation and movement of endotheliocyte, as well as the permeability of tumor vessels, making it a crucial angiogenic factor in research.

血管的生成机制中，血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)是重要的直接作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子，可以特异性地促进内皮细胞分裂、增殖、移动，增加血管的通透性，在血管形成中起重要作用，是目前特别受重视的血管生成因子之一。

The PGFs, for example, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β〓, mediated the stromal-epithelial interaction through paracrine and autocrine, directly controled the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of prostatic cells and played an important role during the process of BPH. In the present study, the expression of bFGF and TGFβ〓 in normal and hyperplasic prostate were determined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

多肽生长因子，如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和转化生长因子（TGF-β1）以旁分泌和自分泌的方式介导间质-上皮相互作用，直接调控前列腺细胞的生长、分化和凋亡，在BPH发病过程中发挥着重要作用。

A portable photosynthesis system made by PPSYSTEM Ltd. was used to study the photosynthetic properties of 3 cultivarsof Rubus idaeus under the field conditions. The results indicated that the individual leave net photosynthetic rates had 2 peaks during a day,an obvious photosynthetic midday slump was observed in A,there was a significant difference in midday depression among the 3 cultivars;evaporation rates of B and C had 2 peaks during a day,while A had 1 peak,and an obvious midday slump was observed in B and C;Stomatic conductance is the key factor of midday slump;Compared with B and C,A had a higher water using efficiency,which will consume less soil water.

利用英国PP-SYSTEM公司生产的TPS-1便携式光合作用测定系统，对3个树莓品种的光合特性进行了比较研究，结果表明树莓叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线，A品种&日中低落&现象明显，B、C品种不甚明显；B、C品种的蒸腾速率日变化曲线基本上为双峰型，日变化过程中的&午休&现象非常明显，而A品种为单峰型，日变化过程中的&午休&现象不甚明显；此外，叶片气孔导度与叶片光合速率的日变化趋势基本一致，呈平行变化趋势，说明气孔导度是影响光合速率的直接因子；较B、C品种而言，A品种具有较高的水分利用效率，说明其更能节约并有效地利用土壤水分。

The dynamics equations of soil water vaporizing and ammonia volatilizing hcluding the factors of water and temperature, and the dynamics-like equation of urea transforming into ammonium nitrogen in soil are founded in the paper, by taking the effect of interaction of water and temperature as subject, the dynamic change character of object studied as basis and using principle of chemical dynamic; The empirio-equations of soil water retention curve including temperature and the empirio-equations including temperature between water potential of millet seedling leaves and soil water are founded in order to make the equation of relation between water potential and water content in soil suit the demand of temperature change much better.

本文以水热耦合效应为主题，基于研究对象的动态变化特征，应用化学动力学原理，建立了含水、热因子以及水热耦合效应的土壤水分蒸发、肥料氨挥发动力学方程，以及施入土壤中的尿素转化为铵态氮的动力学型方程；为使水势—含水量关系式更好适应变温条件应用的要求，建立了含温度因子直接表征土壤持水曲线的经验方程，以及含温度因子的谷苗叶水势与土壤含水量关系经验方程。

The dynamics equations of soil water vaporizing and ammonia volatilizing hcluding the factors of water and temperature, and the dynamics-like equation of urea transforming into ammonium nitrogen in soil are founded in the paper, by taking the effect of interaction of water and temperature as subject, the dynamic change character of object studied as basis and using principle of chemical dynamic; The empirio-equations of soil water retention curve including temperature and the empirio-equations including temperature between water potential of millet seedling leaves and soil water are founded in order to make the equation of relation between water potential and water content in soil suit the demand of temperature change much better.

本文以水热耦合效应为主题，基于研究对象的动态变化特征，应用化学动力学原理，建立了含水、热因子以及水热耦合效应的土壤水分蒸发、肥料氨挥发动力学方程，以及施入土壤中的尿素转化为铵态氮的动力学型方程；为使水势—含水量关系式更好适应变温条件应用的要求，建立了含温度因子直接表征土壤持(来源：A9eBC7b4b论文网www.abclunwen.com)水曲线的经验方程，以及含温度因子的谷苗叶水势与土壤含水量关系经验方程。

A univariate ANOVA is executed to analyze the influencing factors of the production cost by dividing it into direct material, direct labor cost, indirect cost and total cost separately. It is found that the variables of farm scale and crop type show significant impacts in the direct labor cost and total production cost. The one-crop farming variable makes significant difference in the total production cost; whereas different planting ways differentiates the indirect cost. In addition, years of farming, farmer's age, and full-time status all make no significant difference in all aspects of production cost.

此外，将农场生产成本分为直接材料、直接人工、间接成本、总生产成本四面向进行多因子变异数分析，结果发现耕作面积、作物类型变项仅在有机农场的直接人工和总生产成本中有显著差异；有机农场是否为单一经营在总生产成本上有显著差异；不同栽培方式的有机农场仅在间接成本的高低上有显著差异；此外，而耕作年数变项因本研究有机农场耕作年数较高之样本特性影响，导致该变项对生产成本并无显著的差异；年龄、专兼业经营等变项在生产成本上高低并无显著差异。

Transcription factors can control the transcription of their target genes when they bind to the DNA-binding sites on their promotors. They can transfer the messages of growth factors and so on to those effective molecules. Core binding factor al is such a kind of transcription factor, which can control the differentiation of osteoblasts peculiarly. They can induce the pro-osteoblasts or non-osteoblasts to synthesize and secrete most mineralize related proteins such as ALP, OC, OPN, BSP and so on, in order to differentiate to osteoblasts finally.

转录因子是一类可以通过与下游靶DNA结合，从而调控下游基因转录的分子，它们接受来自生长因子等方面的信号，再将这些指令具体地传递给直接执行功能的蛋白分子。cbfal是一种成骨分化特异性转录因子，可以诱导成骨前体细胞合成和分泌ALP、OC、OPN、BSP等矿化相关蛋白，向成骨细胞分化。

It introduces China pharmaceutical industry's characters and problems and then analyzes influence factors from the macroscopically, interspaced and microscopically views. Chapter four is the empirical research part in this paper. It introduces the principal of appraisal index and the choosing of the indexes. Then it introduces the building of model and its disposal method in Spss. To get a clear view of principal components analysis the paper analyzes the differentiate and connection between PCA and factor analysis. In this basement, the paper introduces the disposal process and results of the model. The paper then improves the model with entropy right method to eliminate the portrait diversity of data. To validate the model's stability, the paper makes a significance test of the four results.

第四章是本文的实证研究部分，首先介绍了评价指标选取的原则和指标的确定；然后介绍了模型的构建及其在spss中的处理原理，由于主成分分析法不能在spss中直接实现，且其原理和操作都易与因子分析相混淆，所以本节首先分析了主成分分析法和因子分析法的区别和联系，在此基础上描述了怎样在spss的因子分析的基础上利用主成分分析法进行投资价值评价模型的数据处理；然后介绍了模型的数据处理过程和输出结果，随后利用熵权法对模型做了进一步改进，消除了数据间的纵向差异性，并对改进前后的输出结果进行显著性检验，以验证模型的稳定性。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。