目的论

But, in recent years, according to researcher Denton,"the relentless stream of discovery has turned dramatically in favor of teleology, and design, and has become at last what Newton and many of its early advocates had so fervently wished - the defender of the anthropocentric faith."

但近年的严谨的科学发现，却是明显的偏向目的论和设计论，甚至与牛顿和其他早期科学家所维护的，以人类为中心的宇宙观相吻合。

As an atheistical thinker, at the angle of socical political life, he also hardly criticized the theological teleology and divination that combined with superstition prevailed over the kingdow such as "natural and man are inter-linked" and "all the creations are an integral whole", So as to analyse the social origin of theological superstition.

作为一个无神论思想家，他从社会政治生活的角度，对当时社会上流行的"天人感应"、"天人合一"的神学目的论和谶纬迷信进行了有力批判，进一步分析了神学迷信产生的社会根源。

And as a try to build a historical science and a guide to social revolution, historical materialism did formulated a kind of law within the scope of empirical sciences. The theory of "composition of forces" only partly explained the regularity of history.

合力论只是部分地解决了社会历史的合规律性的问题，而要证明唯物史观的基本命题，阐明社会历史规律是内在地合目的的，必须依靠目的论和功能解释。

And so public ethics will be featured with the characteristics of teleology and deontology, then can be put into practice effectively.

同时，以公共利益作为公共伦理的价值基础，实现了义务论与目的论的统一，使公共伦理具备了很强的实践品质。

Nowadays, there are three kinds of ethics: deontology,teleology and theory of enlightenment .

目前伦理学有三大类型，即规范论、目的论、教化论。

The Utilitarianism purpose theory and morals deontology each have advantage and disadvantage, but they can fill up with each other , and combining them together will have positive practice significance.

功利主义目的论和道德义务论虽然各有偏颇，但两者可以互补，结合起来就有了积极的实践意义。

From the deontology, we can see the informed consent given to patients and subjects shows the respect for autonomy and person. From the teleology, the purpose of informed consent is to protect and promote the health of patients and subjects, which constitute their happiness.

从义务论上看，对病人或受试者实施知情同意是尊重其自主性、尊重人的表现，是医生或生物医学研究者应该履行的道德义务；从目的论上看，实施知情同意的目的是保护和促进病人或受试者的健康，健康作为善是他们的幸福所在。

This paper analyses the problem of teleological explanation in biology from three aspects: intentionality,functional explanation and the adaptionism in the view of teleologi...

文章将从意向性、功能解释以及目的论观点下的适应论等方面对生物学中的目的论问题展开分析，期望能够对各种争议的源头从解释文本的角度加以考察，并对相关问题的解决出路进行探讨。

Originated from the Germany-based functionalist approach developed by Katharina Reiss in the 1970s, Skopostheorie is fathered by Reiss's action-theory-versed disciple Hans Vermeer who lays the foundation stone by defining translation as a kind of purposeful action.

目的论发轫于德国，其雏形是凯塞林娜·赖斯于20世纪70年代提出的功能翻译理论，赖斯的学生汉斯·威密尔从行为学的角度出发，跳出了传统译论单纯以源语为中心的窠臼，认为翻译是人类有目的的行为，创立了功能派的奠基理论：翻译的目的论。

Specifically, the navigating introduction foregrounds the debates over the focuses, equivalence in particular, in translation studies throughout the centenaries before introducing Hou's PMEP, followed first by a critique of PMEP and then its integrating with Skopostheorie—the Skopostheorie-based PMEP.

本文首先回顾了中外翻译史上对翻译核心问题及对等效论的争鸣，阐述笔者对上述理论优缺点的认识，接着介绍侯国金的语用标记等效翻译原则并指出其不足，然后引入功能学派的目的论并移植、整合至语用标记等效翻译原则，从而提出基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译原则。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。