目标不同

A theoretical model is built to investigate the simulation of the infrared characteristic of the metal structure with the PCM false target.Structure parameters of the PCM false target that suit for the simulation are investigated numerically.According to the results,further request on the improvement of the thermal conductivity of PCM is presented.An experimental platform is built and the numerical model is validated experimentally.Three key thermal characteristic components of the false tank(barbette,wheel and front armor plate) are manufactured and tested,and good results are obtained.A method for the thermal conductivity enhancing of PCM by using aluminum fins is studied,the influence of the structure parameters of PCM plates to the simulation effects are investigated numerically,and the reasonable configuration parameters of the PCM plates used to simulate the steel plates of different thickness are obtained.In the study of the application of heat convection method in IR false target,a passive infrared simulation system is designed to simulate the infrared characteristic of metal constructions.The system is made up of pipe-plate,pump,receiver,and working fluid.

在相变材料应用于红外示假的研究中，通过数值模拟，研究确定了适用于制作假目标的相变材料各物性参数的范围，分析了相变材料制作假目标的可行性，并根据所得结果，选取石蜡为研究对象，建立了相变材料模拟金属构件红外特征的理论模型，研究了适用于模拟各金属构件红外特征的相变材料假目标的相关结构参数，得出了相变材料假目标模拟各金属构件红外特征的理论结果，并对相变材料的导热系数这一物性提出了进一步的改进要求；搭建了假目标实验平台，验证了所建理论模型的准确性；以坦克假目标为研究对象，制作了炮塔、负重轮和前上装甲板三个坦克假目标的关键红外热特征部件，并进行了野外实验，取得了较好的结果；以添加铝肋片作为改进相变材料导热能力的手段，理论研究了此类导热增强型相变材料的相关结构参数对模拟效果的影响，得出了模拟不同厚度钢板红外特征的导热增强型相变材料的结构参数及模拟效果。

In this dissertation, based on the extraction of meaningful polarization information, the polarimetric speckle reduction, polarimetric contrast enhancement, polarimetric classification and ship detection in polarimetric SAR images are systemically studied. During the study, some new concepts and methods are introduced, which are supported by the application to measured Pol-SAR data. The innovations of this dissertation are as follows: 1 A simplified schem is proposed to reduce the complexity of scattering-model-based speckle filtering. 2 Extend the expression of polarimetric correlation coefficient to help distinguishing targets. In addition, introduce the quantized parameters of polarimetric signature so as to show the differentiae in quantity in co-polar power, cross-polar power and shapes of polarization signatures among targets. 3 Define a new parameter of difference degree between targets, which can be used for express the difference between both coherent and distributed scatters.

论文在较系统的研究目标特征量提取方法和特征量所包含的物理意义的基础上，对极化SAR图像降斑、极化对比增强、极化SAR图像分类以及极化SAR图像中海上舰船目标检测等方面进行了研究，并提出了一些新的概念和方法，对实测数据的处理结果表明，这些新的概念和方法对于极化SAR信息处理是有效的，本文的主要创新成果包括以下方面： 1）针对基于预分类的MMSE极化降斑方法实现过程非常复杂的问题，提出了简化方案，并验证了方案的有效性； 2）扩展了极化相关系数的表示方法，这种扩展增强了极化相关系数对目标的区分效果；另外还提出了极化特征图量化参数，可以从量上表征不同目标间相同极化和交叉极化的回波功率差异和极化特征图形状差异； 3）定义了目标间的差异度参数，它不仅可以用于描述相干目标，还可以用于描述分布目标的差别程度。

After the human is detected and extracted, we then track body parts of the human by using appearances of these parts as the features and using particle filters as the tracking kernel. In the particle filter, we adopt color histograms as the appearance features and use a specific histogram mapping to enhance the discriminability between different objects. To form a robust tracker that can distinguish target objects from background objects that have color distribution similar to those of target objects, we calculate the target similarity from both the target object model and the background model.

当人体被侦测及切割出来后，接著我们使用人体部位外观当作特徵并且使用粒子滤波器作为核心来追踪此人体，我们采等化之颜色统计表当作粒子滤波器中使用的外观特徵以强化不同物体的鉴别率，为了建立可稳健区别目标物及背景物体的追踪器，我们同时使用目标的模型和背景模型来计算目标物的相似度，为了对抗背景及目标物的外观变化，背景模型及目标物模型都是可适应变化的。

Results indicated that high-achieving students and average-achieving students did not differ on achievement goals.

结果表明，学业成就中等生的成就目标与学习优良学生不存在显著差异，但其自我监控水平显著低于学习优良学生，主要体现在执行性、反馈性、补救性、总结性尤其是方法性等方面；自我监控与学业成绩在总体上呈显著的正相关，但不同学科与自我监控的关系有所不同；成就目标并不直接影响学业成绩，但可以通过自我监控对学业成绩间接产生影响；成就目标与自我监控的关系极为复杂：学习目标与自我监控呈显著正相关，而成绩目标只有在与学习目标联系时，才和自我监控有显著的关系。

For system simulation, this thesis puts forward several improvements in realization, such as state estimating on a non-inertial reference frame, choosing different sets of motion model for different sensors, improving data association by use of feedback fusion result, using multi-model during temporal registration.

例如将目标状态滤波选择在非惯性坐标系下；针对不同传感器建立不同的目标运动模型集；利用多传感器融合处理后的信息反馈到单传感器来改善数据关联效果；在多传感器融合的时间配准过程中，对目标状态估计采用多模型方法。

In order to solve the problem that the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm used in reactive power optimization currently has the shortcomings of time consuming computation, poor orientability and applicability,a ε-omination based MOEA was applied in reactive power optimization.According to different significance among objective components, an adaptive ε-omination was created and relevant post-evaluation fuzzy logic controller was established to select solution.

针对多目标无功优化方法存在寻优时间过长，优化结果针对性不强以及难以实现自动实时控制的问题，将一种基于ε-支配域的多目标进化算法应用到多目标无功优化的求解中，根据多目标模糊评价函数各目标分量的不同重要程度，构建出自适应ε-支配域，生成相应的后评价模糊控制器以实现优化结果的智能选择。

The curricular target that raises because of new course standard is not fixed, it allows a teacher to put forward " to ask "," asks commonly higher to the student according to actual condition " and " of " minimum requirement, turn into unified before education content the education content of disparate arrangement of ideas, him student that allows disparate arrangement of ideas chooses appropriate oneself target requirement, behave the active conduct that makes for telesis place in study.

因为新课程标准提出的课程目标不是固定的，它答应教师根据实际情况对学生提出"较高要求"、"一般要求"和"最低要求"，把原来统一的教学内容变为不同层次的教学内容，让不同层次的学生自己选择适宜自己的目标要求，并在学习中表现为达成目标所做出的积极行为。

Among them, the long term interest rate is chosen as the intermediary target by Keynes school, and money supply chosen by Monetarism, the interest rate chosen by horizontalism with consideration that the interest rate elasticity of the monetary demand is very high, and William Poole thinks that the choice of intermediary s targets must depend on two factors: First is which is more unstable between the actual economy and money. Second is the slope of IS and LM curve.

现将每章的主要内容分述如下：论文第一章对货币政策中介目标国内外的理论作了一个研究综述，提出理论界在选择货币政策中介目标方面的不同观点，其中国外有：凯恩斯主义认为应将长期利率作为中介目标，货币学派认为应将货币供应量作为货币政策的中介目标，普尔认为中介目标的选择必须取决于两个因素：一是实际领域和货币领域哪个部门更不稳定，二是IS和LM曲线的斜率；水平主义理论主张，在货币需求的利率弹性很高的前提下，利率也就成为货币政策的中介目标。

First, the effects of magnetic RAM relaxation time and the rise-time of incident pulse signal on reflection signal are discussed, the relationship between the rise-time of incident pulse and relaxation time based on the energy of reflection signal is revealed. Then, the effects of magnetic hysteric, susceptibilities and saturation upon reflection signal are analyzed, the results reveal the reflection of RAM target and UWB signal design. In the meantime, dielectric relaxation time effect about dielectric RAM target is analyzed simply, and the effects of relaxation time and the width of incident pulse upon reflection signal are probed. Finally, a few RAM targets are measured in the chamber using the impulse radar experiment system which is developed by the team of anti-stealth impulse radar on Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Defense Technology. The experimental results show the similarity of the rule of echos with the theory. From the compared results of different tagets, we concluded, compared with 15% wideband sinusoidal signal, the impulse signal has increased 10～12dB energy from the same loaded RAM target; this, in turn, shows the nonlinear effects of RAM to the echoes, and the potentiality of the impulse signal to RAM targets.

首先分析了磁性RAM的弛豫时间及入射脉冲信号的上升时间对反射信号的影响，从反射信号能量角度出发，给出了入射脉冲上升时间与弛豫时间的关系；接着分析了磁性RAM的磁滞特性、磁化率及磁化强度对反射信号的影响，给出了RAM目标辐射和有关UWB信号设计的一般性结论；其次，对介电RAM的弛豫时间效应作了简单的分析，探讨了介电弛豫时间及入射脉冲宽度对反射信号的影响；最后利用国防科技大学电子技术系&反隐身冲激雷达技术研究组&研制的冲激雷达实验系统，在微波暗室中对几种不同的RAM目标进行了测量，结果表明：其反射波形的基本规律与上述理论分析相一致；从各种不同目标回波的能量对比结果得出，涂覆RAM目标对冲激信号的吸收比15％带宽的正弦信号要小10～12dB，证实了RAM的非线性效应对回波的影响，也证实了冲激信号反隐身的潜力。

The method to configure RED parameters based on network properties is also presented. Simulations show that the modified Random Early Detection algorithm really performs better than the original Random Early Detection algorithm and can work for a much wider range of traffic. Finally, whether the assured service mechanisms i. e. an edge router tags every arriving packet of a TCP flow based service profile and core router drops packets differently at congestion using active queue management scheme is possible to provide a throughput consistent with target rate, is investigated under different network scenarios. Different factors including target rate tagged algorithm, RIO algorithm and TCP congestion control mechanism how to affect the throughput of an assured service TCP flow are examined. Based on a fluid model. we then derive a model of an assured service TCP flow, which is the function of round trip delay, packet loss rate and token bucket parameters. Based on this model, we observe that in some cases it is possible to regulate the token bucket parameters to gain a consistent throughput with the target rate, while in other cases there exist ranges of values of the achieved rate for which the token parameters have no influence. With the latter, some modified TCP congestion control mechanisms to assure TCP throughput are proposed.

最后，在区别服务网络结构内，研究了当前提出的一种边缘路由器根据服务合同标记、分类数据包，结合内部路由器采用主动队列缓冲管理机制区别处理数据包的确信服务机制是否可在不同网络情况下使TCP连接获得同目标速率相一致的、公平的吞吐量问题；指出影响TCP连接获得同目标速率相一致吞吐量的主要因素是目标速率大小、标记算法参数和TCP连接的拥塞控制算法；对此，基于流模型假设，首次推导出一个以端到端时延、数据包丢失率、漏桶参数为变量的确信服务TCP连接吞吐量模型；利用这个模型进行分析，得到主要结论是在一些情况下可通过设置合适的漏桶参数得到同目标速率更一致的吞吐量，而在另一些网络情况下不管如何设置漏桶参数都不能使TCP连接获得同目标速率一致的吞叶量；对于后一些情况，还初步讨论了改进TCP拥塞控制算法来改善TCP连接性能的方法。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。