目标

Specifying Surface Goals 规定表面目标 1 In the COSMOSFloWorks design tree, right-click the Goals icon and select Insert Surface Goal.

在COSMOSFloWorks设计树中，右键单击"目标"图标和选择"插入表面目标"。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

The problem of multi-objective usually meet many conflict each other and can not use the objective of the same standard unit, then to employ membership function of fuzzy theory,at first each objective function to change fuzzy set and express with membership function, membership function include the maximum constraint, minimum constraint, the decrease function of monotonic property, to become optimal of the multi-objective function, but still to scanty of weighting value with regard to adjustment of objective function, thus this thesis proposes the method of combine orthogonal arrays and particle swarm optimization to solve the problem of multi-objective optimal power flow, each objective function separately add weighting value, to setting each weighting value of objective function in order to the result of anticipating.

多目标最佳化的问题通常会面临到许多互相冲突且不能用同ㄧ标准单位的目标，於是利用模糊理论中的归属函数，首先将各目标函数转换成模糊集合并以归属函数表示，归属函数包含了最大限制值、最小限制值、单调的递减函数所组成，将各目标函数利用归属函数表示，形成单一目标函数的最佳化，但是仍缺乏权重值对於目标函数的调整，於是本篇论文提出ㄧ种权重值设定与粒子群优演算法的方法去解决多目标最佳电力潮流的问题，将各目标函上分别加上权重值设定各目标函数的权重值，得到预期的效果。

Under the discussion of the inner and outer environments for the development and protection of Jiang-Su coastal mud flat, the strategic system of sustainable development is established.

在分析江苏省沿海滩涂开发与保护的内部条件和外部环境的基础上，构建江苏沿海滩涂开发与保护可持续发展的战略体系，提出江苏省沿海滩涂可持续发展的外部目标（包括社会目标、经济目标、环境目标）和内部目标（包括组织战略目标、人力资源战略目标、技术开发战略目标和财务战略目标），从江苏沿海滩涂开发与保护可持续发展的实施主体、要素保障、政策需求、动态管理等方面提出了政策保障措施。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模摘要型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

Based on the analysis to the particularity of the cruise missile attacking, a complete recognition method based on the knowledge is developed. A new fractal-based infrared image feature extraction method is presented and the detailed theoretic analysis and implement procedure of this algorithm is submitted and tested in some experiments. With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

A character-codes model based pattern recognition method by using amplitude data of targets frequency response is proposed after the establishment of high frequency response equation of radar targets. The method uses the same unvariant character-codes to express the same target of different angles and uses sequential separating of regions of target's reference variables to obtain multiple coding vectors of all regions for every target. The category and pose of target can be determined after a two-staged classification processing such as coding processing of target range profile data and errors correcting processing of coded data. The two-stage classification results are used to target identification as posterior hypothesis to be tested by sufficient convincing and necessary convincing. The character-codes model based pattern recognition method is also adaptive to variation of target angles and controllable in error probability. Time-consuming and complicated iterative computation is not necessary in the train process of pattern recognition.

首先建立了雷达目标的高频频率响应方程，这种方程将目标多散射中心理论与目标局部谐振理论有机地结合起来；进而提出了目标多频响应结构成像方法，这种方法将瑞利区频率响应或谐振区频率响应曲线的不同部位用各种不同的近似方法去逼近，通过特征谱估计方法将目标的局部频响特征与宽带距离响应特征结合起来；然后提出了一种基于姿态角变化区域的序贯划分与多模匹配的特征编码识别方法，这种方法具有能适应目标姿态角的变化以及能控制识别的差错概率α等优点，在目标识别时只需要目标在少数有限个频率激励下的幅频响应数据。

objective to assess the fulfillment of round 3 of global fund aids program in china in order to provide basis for selecting scientific preventive measures and making reasonable work plan.methods to analyze the core programs from reports of round 3 of global fund aids program in 72 counties of 7 provinces in mid part of china,and to assess it by combining specific investigated results.results up to dec 31,2006,fulfilling rate of receiving treatment for occasional infection,and the number of preventing aids patients as well as infected persons was 98.57%.the rate of other index overpassed rearranged objectives.of which,the rate of vct was 111.45%,the rate of receiving anti-virus treatment was 108.42%,the rate of programs activities of government and non-government was 133.83%.at least there was one teacher trained living skills about aids.the fulfilling rate of the number of middle schools of developing living skill education about aids was 125.73%.the fulfilling rate of the number of middle school students educated about living skills was 147.53%.conclusion the fulfillment of objective management of round 3 about aids,especially core index was effective.but there existed the problem that fulfilling rate of some index was too high,which would be corrected in the later phase.

对中国中部7个省72个县实施第三轮全球基金艾滋病项目的完成项目指标报表进行汇总，对其中10个核心项目进行分析。结果截至2006年12月31日，10个核心项目中，除接受机会性感染治疗和预防的艾滋病患者/感染者人数的完成率为98.57%，其他指标完成率均超过了预定目标。其中自愿咨询检测人次数的目标完成率为111.45%；接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病患者数的目标完成率为121.37%；获得关怀与支持的hiv感染者/艾滋病患者及其家庭数的目标完成率为108.42%；政府部门与非政府机构主动开展的项目活动数的目标完成率为133.83%；至少有一位教师接受过艾滋病生活技能培训，并对中学生开展艾滋病生活技能教育的中学数的目标完成率为125.73%；接受生活技能教育的中学生数目标完成率为147.53%。结论第三轮艾滋病项目的目标管理，特别是核心指标的完成情况取得了比较理想的效果，但存在个别指标完成率过高的问题，将在后续阶段予以纠正。

This research finds out that there are differences of students with different majors, grades and self-estimation in four dimensions of achievement goal orientation.

最近Elliot[5]和Pintrich[6]在逻辑推论和实证研究基础上，进一步将掌握目标划分成掌握趋近目标和掌握回避目标，这样就形成了四种目标定向的理论结构，这四种目标分别是掌握趋近目标、掌握回避目标、成绩趋近目标和成绩回避目标。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。