盖岩

It is revealed that the cap rocks of gas pools in China are dominated by argillaceous rock, followed by evaporite, but the resource volumes sealed by the latter is relatively larger.

统计发现：我国气藏的直接盖层以泥质岩为主，其次为膏盐岩，但后者封盖的储量较大。

Here have formed in about 14 million years ago to 3 million years between the Mesoproterozoic Jixian System Yunmeng Mountain Group - Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation, exposed systems and complete; has Archaean - Early Mesoproterozoic basement, but also has the typical structure of relics, such as the basement Archaean gneissic complex structure, Early Mesoproterozoic supracrustal rocks at the end of secluded fornix structure, super-nappe cover, ductile shear zone tectonics, ductile - brittle deformation structure of brittle fault cleft construction, single-sided Hill Construction, as well as the cap structure of the collapse, landslides and other structure.

这里有形成于距今约14亿年～3亿年间的中元古界蓟县系云梦山组—上石炭统太原组地层，出露系统而完整；有太古界—早元古界基底，还有典型的构造遗迹，诸如基底太古界片麻杂岩构造，早元古界表壳岩的底僻穹窿构造，盖层的超覆构造，韧性剪切带构造，韧-脆性变形构造，脆性断裂构造，单面山构造，以及盖层中的垮塌构造，滑坡构造等。

There have developed four types of caprock , namely Kraton or transitional facies caprock , limnetic facies coal measure caprock , oxidation basin valley or adjacent marine facies cream mudstone caprock ,and lacustrine mudstone caprock .

中西部前陆盆地沉积演化经历前前陆盆地克拉通沉积、早期前陆盆地沉积、中生代坳陷盆地沉积和新生代再生前陆盆地沉积四个阶段，共发育四种类型的盖层：即克拉通或海陆过渡期盖层、湖沼相煤系盖层、氧化宽浅湖或边缘海相膏泥岩盖层和湖相泥岩盖层。

This paper briefly introduces the basic fact of the existence of the PaleoTethys Ocean in the Lungmu Co-Shuanghu suture, i.e. the ages and natures of Early Paleozoic ophiolites, Permian ophiolites, Devonian-Permian radiolarian cherts, accretionary slabs of different natures, two types of tectonic mrlange zones and covers of ophiolites. The starting time of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Qiangtang may be traced back to Early Paleozoic and the records about the oceanic basin evolution persisted from the Late Devonian to Late Triassic.

简要介绍了龙木错-双湖缝合带中有关古特提斯洋存在的基本事实，即早古生代洋壳残片、二叠纪蛇绿岩、泥盆纪-二叠纪放射虫硅质岩、各类不同性质的增生岩片、2种类型的构造混杂岩带和蛇绿混杂岩盖层体系的时代与性质等，已有的资料初步确定羌塘古特提斯洋盆演化的时限为晚泥盆世到晚三叠世。

It is a megadepression evolving from a Mesozoic back-arc paraforeland basin to a Cenozoic intermountain basin, and filled with large sets of argillaceous rock, calcareous mudstone, carbonate rock and clastic rock of saliniferous-semisaliniferous environment under the semidry climate of inland lakes which form a set of giant-thick hydrocarbon source rock with two periods of hydrocarbon-expulsion peaks, two types of reservoir series as well as special capping and migration conditions.

是一个由中生代弧后准前陆盆地向新生代山间盆地发展演化的一个大型坳陷。充填了内陆湖泊半干旱气候下咸化环境－半咸化环境的大套泥质岩，含钙质泥岩及碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩。形成一套巨厚的具两期排烃高峰的烃源岩，两种类型的储集岩系、特殊的盖层条件及运移条件。

Seven thirdorder seismic sequences can be recognized from bottom to top in the Paleogene in the Wushi sag, which consist of a depositional sequence from transgression to regression as a whole and correspond to different stages of structural evolution. Sequences developed in different stages of structural evolution are different in filling sequence and distribution of sedimentary system. Multiphase structural evolutions result in development of source rocks and reservoir and cap rocks in various parts of the sag. The sequence 2-4 deposited in strong chasmic stage have the best source rocks and sealing conditions as well as various favorable reservoirs, thus are the most favorable targets for obtaining discoveries in this sag.

结果认为：乌石凹陷古近系从下至上可以划分为7个三级地震层序，整体上为一个水进到水退的序列，分别对应不同的构造演化阶段；不同构造演化阶段发育的层序具有不同的充填序列和沉积体系分布；构造演化的多期性使得该凹陷多个部位都有烃源岩和储、盖层发育；其中以强烈裂陷阶段沉积的层序2-层序4中发育的烃源岩和盖层条件为最好且发育多种有利储集体，是该凹陷寻找油气藏的最有利层段。

The absorption resistance has something to do with lithology,degree of lithogenesis and thickness of caprock.The smaller the grain size of caprock is, the higher the content of clay mineral is, the stronger the degree of lithogensis is and the thicker the caprock is, the stronger the absorption resistance and the sealing ability of caprock are.

盖层封闭游离相烃类的能力由两部分组成，一个是盖层底部岩石的排替压力，一个是盖层毛细管孔隙的吸附阻力，盖层毛管孔隙的吸附阻力与盖层岩性、成岩程度、厚度有关，盖层岩石的粒度越小、粘土矿物含量越高、成岩程度越强、厚度越大、盖层的吸附阻力越大，盖层的封闭能力越强。

The analysis result shows that the basement fault anomalies control a few major large hidden batholiths and their associated orefieldsthat the anomalies of cover structure confine most Cu-Au deposits and Fe-Cu deposits within their scopethat the geochemical anomalies and lithofacies-paleogeographical anomalies are major geological factors leading to trataboundness of some Cu-Au depositsthat the anomalies of rock operties provide the favorable chemical and physical conditions for the ore-forming process, including the seepage, circulation,convergence and deposit of ore-bearing hydrothermal solutionthat the anomalous ctive stage of Mesozoic magmatite is almost consistent with the major mineralization epoch of the Fe,Cu deposits, and the structure of multi-levels,and the zoning in magmatic system determine the spatial distribution of the mineralization system.

由分析可知基底断裂异常控制了本区若干重要规模较大的隐伏岩基及伴生矿田，而盖层构造异常控制铜金矿床和铁铜矿床的空间位置地层的地球化学异常和岩相古地理异常是造成一些铜金矿床层控性的主要地质因素盖层的岩性异常为含矿热液的渗流、循环、聚集和矿质沉淀等一系列成矿作用提供了有利的物理和化学条件中生代岩浆岩的异常活动期也是本区主要的铁铜成矿期，岩浆岩系统的多层分枝和分带性结构控制了本区成矿系统的三维空间分布。

Middle-Lower Jurassic coal\|bearing formation is the main source rock. Upper Jurassic evaporite, which divides Amu-Darya basin into clastic petroleum system above saline and carbonate petroleum system below saline, is the regional caprock.

中下侏罗统含煤岩系为主要生烃岩系，上侏罗统巨厚蒸发岩为区域性盖层，将盆地盖层分为盐上碎屑岩含油气系统和盐下碳酸盐岩含油气系统。

Through the comprehensive research of the typical igneous seismic profiles in Qiongdongnan basin, the stocks, laccoliths, sills and dikes were identified from other seismic characters, and their identification characters were also summarized.

通过对典型地震剖面的研究，识别出了岩株、岩盖、岩床和岩墙4种产状的侵入岩岩体，阐明了它们的地震信息识别特征，同时分析了不同产状的侵入岩与油气的关系，论述了8种与侵入岩有关的油气圈闭类型。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。