盖层

The heavy mudstone layers in Third Member of Shahejie Formation (Es3) provide favorable hydrocarbon source rock and cap formation, diabase and hornfels belts serve as reservoirs, faults and microcracks in the wall rocks as the pathways for oil and gas migration.

沙三段厚层生油岩为火成岩储层提供了良好的烃源岩和封盖层；辉绿岩及角岩带为主要的储层带；断层及围岩中的微裂缝为油气运移提供运移通道。

Qaidam basin is located in north of Qinghai province, and it is a large Mesozoicand Cenozoic oleaginous basin ,the total acreage is about 12×104km2. Sanhu regionin east of Qaidam basin is explored and founded the Quaternary biogas, the thicknessof Quaternary strata is 3200m;the diagenesis is in low degree, high porosity and highpermeability;the sand and mud are interbeddings, sand is reservior and mud is gassource rock and cover rock;stock size of Quaternary biogas achieve 12476×108m3 ,the explored geological reserve is 1472×108m3, the third class reserve is about 3500×108m3. It is the region where founded the largest scale of biogas in the world.

柴达木盆地地处青海省西北部，是我国西部一个大型中新生代陆相含油气盆地，总面积约12×104km2，柴达木盆地东部的三湖地区主要勘探第四系生物气藏，第四系地层厚3200m；地层成岩程度低，高孔高渗；第四系砂、泥岩互层，其中砂岩为储集层，泥岩为气源岩和盖层；第四系生物气资源量达12476×108m3，已探明地质储量1472×108m3，三级储量约3500×108m3，是目前世界上第四系发现生物气规模最大的地区。

Yizheng movement, Wubao movement and Sanduo movement happened ordinally in Gaoyou depression and then regional unconformity formed. According to the feature of unconformity and stockwerke, the sedimentary cover could be compartmentalized as upper, middle and subjacent stockwerke. Fault activity is different because of different intensity of structural movement.

高邮凹陷先后经历了仪征运动、吴堡运动和三垛运动等几大规模构造运动，形成了区域性不整合面，依据不整合及其分隔的构造层的结构特点，可将高邮凹陷的沉积盖层划分为上、中、下三个构造层。

The production test indicated that there are 24 gas layers in the well, so that the deltaic deposit zones to the cast and northeast of the well are favorable for oil and gas exploration in the future.

该区地层具有砂、泥互层的特点，具备了较好的储集层和局部盖层，试油结果表明有24个气层，该井的东部及东北部的三角洲区域是今后勘探的有利区域。

Also, Petrologic features, diagenesis and pore evolution features, and reservoir feature were worked and evaluated. The study direction of Neopaleozoic reservoir geology in this area was pointed out too.4. Based on the time-space structure of source rock, reservoir rock and cap rock in petroleum system of Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin, play and pool-forming unit of Neopaleozoic was divided. The matching relation between trap formation period and peak period of source rock hydrocarbon generation and expulsion was analyzed, which pointed out the future direction of hydrocarbon targets exploration in this area.

同时，对区内砂岩储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用及孔隙演化特征和储集特征方面等进行了综合研究和客观评价，并分析讨论了今后该区上古生界油气储层地质的研究方向。4、根据华北盆地南部上古生界含油气系统中烃源岩、储集岩和盖层的时空结构，进行了上古生界成藏组合和基本成藏单元的划分研究；通过对圈闭形成期与烃源岩生排烃高峰期匹配关系的分析研究，指明了今后该区油气勘探目标的选择方向

The interlayer gliding fault possesses the characteristics of deep- extension, low- angle, dip- slip, bed- zoned structure.

研究表明该类矿床赋存于中生代盆地盖层与变质基底接触带附近的低角度层间滑动断层中，该断层带具有延伸大、低角度、倾向滑动和层带结构等特征。

Middle-Lower Jurassic coal\|bearing formation is the main source rock. Upper Jurassic evaporite, which divides Amu-Darya basin into clastic petroleum system above saline and carbonate petroleum system below saline, is the regional caprock.

中下侏罗统含煤岩系为主要生烃岩系，上侏罗统巨厚蒸发岩为区域性盖层，将盆地盖层分为盐上碎屑岩含油气系统和盐下碳酸盐岩含油气系统。

The disturbing rields caused by the speedup and quietude of upper crustal movement in Tibetan Plateau indicate that, when the upper crust movement is speedup in Tibetan Plateau and keeps the boundary condition unchanged, the energy stored in upper crust is released, the driving force by Indian plate increases the horizontal compression stress and movement in other layers in Tibetan Plateau, and increase the horizontal compression stress in the whole geosphere in North China area Comparing the disturbing distribution of horizontal compression stress in the upper mantle layer, the value in North China area is only about one twelfths of that in south part of Tibetan Plateau.

3青藏高原地区地壳非均匀活动在中国大陆岩石层引起扰动场的研究结果表明，在保持板块边界作用强度不变的情况下，青藏高原地区岩石层上部地壳运动的增强，增加了其岩石层下部的向前推挤，同时也增加了对其它块体的推挤作用，以上地幔盖层内最大水平主压应力的扰动值为例，华北地区比青藏高原南部地区小一个量级。

Let students to be familiar with the basic characteristics and formation mechanisms of oil-gas, to grasp the evaluating indexes of source rock, reservoir, seal and oil-gas reservoir, to grasp the styles of source-reservoir-seal association, the features of oil-gas migration, the conditions of forming oil-gas reservoir, the factors of oil-gas reservoir damage and the regularity of oil-gas reservoir formation.

使学员熟悉油气的基本特征及形成机理，掌握生油岩，储集层，盖层及油气藏的评价指标，掌握生储盖组合的型式，油气运移的特点，油气成藏的条件，油气藏破坏的因素及成藏规律。

The characteristics of sequence development, source reservoir - seal assemblage and types of hydrocarbon reservoir for each sequence were discussed in detail. The dark colored shale of deep lacustrine facies in the transgressive system tract of SⅡ sequence deposited around the maximum flooding surface is the main source rock in this area. The shale of shallow lacustrine facies in the TST of SⅢ sequence around the MFS is the most important regional seal rock.

结果表明，该区古近系可划分为SⅠ，SⅡ，SⅢ和SⅣ4个层序，分别对应于房身泡组、沙三段、沙一段沙二段和东营组。SⅡ层序水进体系域最大湖泛期沉积的半深湖深湖相暗色泥岩是研究区的主力烃源岩系；SⅢ层序水进体系域最大湖泛面附近的浅湖相泥岩是最重要的区域盖层。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失