盖层

If the entry pressure of caprock s and reservoir characters regularly evolute in accordance with the nowadays evolution curve, we can deduce that lithologic traps can form in early time and the traps have several formin.

根据盆地内部储层和盖层的临界条件，利用盖层排替压力曲线和储层物性曲线联合确定了岩性圈闭的发育层段，发现多个层位可发育岩性圈闭。

There have developed four types of caprock , namely Kraton or transitional facies caprock , limnetic facies coal measure caprock , oxidation basin valley or adjacent marine facies cream mudstone caprock ,and lacustrine mudstone caprock .

中西部前陆盆地沉积演化经历前前陆盆地克拉通沉积、早期前陆盆地沉积、中生代坳陷盆地沉积和新生代再生前陆盆地沉积四个阶段，共发育四种类型的盖层：即克拉通或海陆过渡期盖层、湖沼相煤系盖层、氧化宽浅湖或边缘海相膏泥岩盖层和湖相泥岩盖层。

Seven thirdorder seismic sequences can be recognized from bottom to top in the Paleogene in the Wushi sag, which consist of a depositional sequence from transgression to regression as a whole and correspond to different stages of structural evolution. Sequences developed in different stages of structural evolution are different in filling sequence and distribution of sedimentary system. Multiphase structural evolutions result in development of source rocks and reservoir and cap rocks in various parts of the sag. The sequence 2-4 deposited in strong chasmic stage have the best source rocks and sealing conditions as well as various favorable reservoirs, thus are the most favorable targets for obtaining discoveries in this sag.

结果认为：乌石凹陷古近系从下至上可以划分为7个三级地震层序，整体上为一个水进到水退的序列，分别对应不同的构造演化阶段；不同构造演化阶段发育的层序具有不同的充填序列和沉积体系分布；构造演化的多期性使得该凹陷多个部位都有烃源岩和储、盖层发育；其中以强烈裂陷阶段沉积的层序2-层序4中发育的烃源岩和盖层条件为最好且发育多种有利储集体，是该凹陷寻找油气藏的最有利层段。

The absorption resistance has something to do with lithology,degree of lithogenesis and thickness of caprock.The smaller the grain size of caprock is, the higher the content of clay mineral is, the stronger the degree of lithogensis is and the thicker the caprock is, the stronger the absorption resistance and the sealing ability of caprock are.

盖层封闭游离相烃类的能力由两部分组成，一个是盖层底部岩石的排替压力，一个是盖层毛细管孔隙的吸附阻力，盖层毛管孔隙的吸附阻力与盖层岩性、成岩程度、厚度有关，盖层岩石的粒度越小、粘土矿物含量越高、成岩程度越强、厚度越大、盖层的吸附阻力越大，盖层的封闭能力越强。

There were two situations for cap rock destructed by faulting : one was reduce of successive distribution area of cap rock, another was reduce of thickness of cap rock.

断层对盖层的破坏主要表现为两个方面：一是减小了盖层的连续封盖面积，二是减小了盖层的厚度。

The absolute error of the depth of geothermal reservoir is between 23 m and 50 m, and the relative error of interface of cap rock is less than 6.3%.

在对深部热水储层和盖层岩性界面进行地质解释后，得到热储层赋存深度的绝对误差为23-50 m，盖层岩性界面的相对误差小于6.3%。

The characteristics of reservoir rock and cap rock in this area indicate that they belong to medium-quality reservoir rock and medium-advantageous cap rock.

储集层和盖层分析表明，托纳木地区储集层中等，盖层中等－有利。

The analysis result shows that the basement fault anomalies control a few major large hidden batholiths and their associated orefieldsthat the anomalies of cover structure confine most Cu-Au deposits and Fe-Cu deposits within their scopethat the geochemical anomalies and lithofacies-paleogeographical anomalies are major geological factors leading to trataboundness of some Cu-Au depositsthat the anomalies of rock operties provide the favorable chemical and physical conditions for the ore-forming process, including the seepage, circulation,convergence and deposit of ore-bearing hydrothermal solutionthat the anomalous ctive stage of Mesozoic magmatite is almost consistent with the major mineralization epoch of the Fe,Cu deposits, and the structure of multi-levels,and the zoning in magmatic system determine the spatial distribution of the mineralization system.

由分析可知基底断裂异常控制了本区若干重要规模较大的隐伏岩基及伴生矿田，而盖层构造异常控制铜金矿床和铁铜矿床的空间位置地层的地球化学异常和岩相古地理异常是造成一些铜金矿床层控性的主要地质因素盖层的岩性异常为含矿热液的渗流、循环、聚集和矿质沉淀等一系列成矿作用提供了有利的物理和化学条件中生代岩浆岩的异常活动期也是本区主要的铁铜成矿期，岩浆岩系统的多层分枝和分带性结构控制了本区成矿系统的三维空间分布。

The fan delta, sand beach, sand bars and turbidite fan in the TST of SⅡ and SⅢ sequences are the most favorable exploration targets because of favorable source - reservoir - seal assemblages. Since the high - stand system tract in SⅡ sequence has good source - reservoir assemblage and is covered by the regional seal of SⅢ sequence, the hydrocarbon accumulation in this area is controlled by the local seal rock. The HST of SⅡ sequence becomes the second favorable exploration target zone. Because the scales of the sand bodies of alluvial fan and braided river in low - stand system tract of SⅡ and SⅢ sequences are limited, the formation of a large hydrocarbon accumulation is difficult.

良好的生储盖配置使SⅡ层序、SⅢ层序水进体系域的扇三角洲、滩坝及浊积扇砂体成为本区最佳勘探目标层。SⅡ层序高位体系域生储条件配置好，又有SⅢ层序区域盖层的整体封盖，油气聚集受局部盖层直接控制，可成为较有利的勘探目的层。SⅡ层序、SⅢ层序低位体系域的冲积扇、辫状河砂体体积规模较小，难以形成大油气藏。

Based on the pennyshaped crack model and the hydraulic fracturing principle,the sand lens reservoir of horizontal occurrence is simplified as a type-I pennyshaped crack of the cap rock. It is due to the fact that the thickness and horizontal distribution length of the reservoir are much smaller than the global cap rock scale. The cap rock fracture resistance of the storage box is analyzed from the view of rock fracture mechanics.

基于币形裂纹模型和水力致裂原理，将纵向厚度和横向展布长度均远小于盖层岩石尺度的水平产状砂岩透镜体简化为盖层岩石中的I型币形裂纹，从岩石断裂力学角度分析封存箱盖层岩石的抗断裂性能。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失