监护人

A Decree of the Senate was enacted at the instance of the Divine Hadrian, by which women were permitted to make a will even without the ceremony of coemption; provided, however, they were not under twelve years of age; and if they were not released from guardianship, they were required to execute their wills with the consent of their guardians.

根据哈德良皇帝的批准而制定的一项元老院决议允许妇女在不实行买卖婚的情况下立遗嘱，只要它们不小于 12 岁，显然，那些未摆脱监护人的妇女必须根据监护人的准可立遗嘱。

Any bank or insurance company; any savings and loan association, building and loan association, cooperative bank, homestead association, or similar institution, or any receiver, conservator, liquidator, liquidating agent, or similar official or person thereof or therefor; or any common trust fund or similar fund maintained by a bank exclusively for the collective investment and reinvestment of moneys contributed thereto by the bank in its capacity as a trustee, executor, administrator, or guardian

ICA第3(3)豁免了任何银行或保险公司，任何储蓄和贷款协会，建筑和贷款协会，合作银行，宅基协会或类似机构，或任何接收人、监护人、清算人、清算代理、或类似的此类高级职员或个人；任何由银行管理、仅用作集体投资和再投资的共同信托基金或类似的基金，其中基金是由银行在其能力范围内作为受托人、执行人、管理人或监护人提供的。

However, it rejected the less restrictive measures of curatorship and tutorship. In particular, the Israeli law recognizes two types of cases in which a court may appoint a guardian over an adult. The first type represents the remains of the common-law influence, allowing the court to nominate a guardian over adults who suffer from mental disability or mental illness, In such cases, the guardianship is full and total in the sense that the ward loses his or her legal rights in all spheres of life. The second type reflects the influence of continental law, authorizing the court to nominate a guardian over a person and/ or property once a finding is made that a person is unable, permanently or temporarily, to take care of his affairs, all or some........

举例来说，以色列法律确认法庭在两种情况下有权为一成年人指定监护人，第一种情况受到普通法的残余影响，允许法庭为精神残疾或疾患者委派监护人，在这种情况下，监护身份一旦确认，就意味着被监护人在一切生活领域完全丧失了法定权利；第二种情况受到大陆法系的影响，授权法庭在业已确认"某人暂时或永久无法料理全部或部分个人事务"的情况下为该人或其产业委派监护人，依照该规定，若要从事实上确认某人已失去法律行为能力，需经医学专家认可，这是为精神残疾或疾患者指定监护人的条件之一。

The article thinks that two new kinds should be added to the legislation, they are testamentary guardian and the guardian set up by oneself, and the legislation should include some relevant regulations of qualification, resign and compensation. The establishment of guardian of social organizations and special distractive body should be improved, and the liability of guardian especially that with property, should be prescribed in detail. Supervisor of guardianship should be added, too.

本文认为我国的立法需要增加遗嘱指定监护人和自我设定监护人两种监护设立形式，应当增加监护人任职资格、辞职、报酬的有关规定，要进一步完善社会团体和国家专门机构的监护人的设置，细化监护人的职责，尤其要充实有关财产监护职责的规定，应明确规定监护监督人。

In the juvenile case of damage, each subject should be applied different principles of incrimination and undertake corresponding civil liabilities.

在未成年学生损害赔偿案件中，各主体应适用不同的归责原则，承担不同的民事责任：限制民事行为能力的学生对侵权行为的发生有过错的，监护人、学校可减轻责任；监护人对未成年人在学校的损害承担过错责任；学校对学生造成侵权责任的性质和构成要件有其自身特点，学校侵权的法律适用包括民法和教育法律、法规。

Delivers raises the children to deliver raises the person to be supposed to adopt the organization to China to provide the following proof material:(1) its myself resident identification card, the resident register (social welfare organization achievement delivers raises person, must submit its person in charge's status credential),by adopter the situation proof;(2) by adpter the fresh parents for delivers fosters the person, must submit the written opinion which the fresh parents mutual consent delivers raises;(3) because loses one's spouse or the whereabouts by adopter the father or the birth mother is unclear, delivers by the folk remedy raises, must submit the spouse to die or the whereabouts unclear proof and the death or the whereabouts unclear spouse's parents does not exercise first fosters the power the proof;(4) is not had by adopter the parents the completely civil capacity, by does by adopter the guardian delivers raises the person, must submit myself to have the right of guardianship the proof and is not had by adopter the parents the completely civil capacity, and to is had by adopter the serious harm the proof;(5) had died by adopter the parents, by is delivered by adopter the guardian achievement raises the person, must submit his/her the fresh parents' death proof, myself has the right of guardianship the proof, and all that have the foster duty the person agreed delivers raises the written opinion;(6) delivers by the social welfare organization achievement raises the person, must submit the abandoned baby, the abandoned baby which the social welfare organization writes up is abandoned and the discovery situation proved as well as searches his/her parents or other guardian situation proofs; By adopter is the orphan, must submit the orphan the parents to die or the announcement death proof, as well as has other people which fosters the orphan duty to agree delivers raises the written opinion;(7) delivers raises the children with disabilities, must submit the disabled proof which the county levelabove hospital writes up.

送养子女的送养人应向中国收养组织提供下列证明材料：(1)其本人的居民身份证、户口簿(社会福利机构作为送养人的，应当提交其负责人的身份证件)、被收养人的情况证明；(2)被收养人的生父母为送养成人的，应当提交生父母双方同意送养的书面意见；(3)被收养人的生父或生母因丧偶或者下落不明，由单方送养的，应当提交配偶死亡或者下落不明的证明及死亡的或者下落不明的配偶的父母不行使优先抚养权的证明；(4)被收养人的父母均不具备完全民事行为能力，由被收养人的监护人作送养人的，应当提交本人有监护权的证明和被收养人的父母不具备完全民事行为能力、并对被收养人有严重危害的证明；(5)被收养人的父母均已死亡，由被收养人的监护人作为送养人的，应当提交其生父母的死亡证明、本人有监护权的证明，以及其他有抚养义务的人同意送养的书面意见；(6)由社会福利机构作为送养人的，应当提交社会福利机构出具的弃婴、弃儿被遗弃和发现的情况证明以及查找其父母或者其他监护人情况证明；被收养人是孤儿的，应当提交孤儿的父母死亡或者宣告死亡证明，以及有抚养孤儿义务的其他人同意送养的书面意见；(7)送养残疾儿童的，应当提交县级以上医院出具的残疾证明。

There is a common trend about the reform of the adult wardship system in these countries, the law intervents the wardship relationship roundly, more respects the mind of the ward, distinguishes the requirement of the ward more particularly, offer more humanization protect and support to the weaker to ensure they can exert the right offered by the law.

这些改革出现了一系列共同趋势：法律更全面地介入监护关系，更多地尊重被监护人的意志，更细致地区分被监护人的需求，为生活中的弱者提供更人性化的保护和支持，确保他们与其他人平等地实现法律赋予的权利等等。

Some legislative suggestions are stated in order to improve the adult wardship system:upgrading the ideas of adult wardship,improving the legislation,enlarging the applicable scope of adult warship system,introducing dis...

同时提出了完善我国成年人监护制度的立法建议，即，成年人监护理念的纳新；立法体例的完善；扩大我国成年人监护制度适用的范围；引入任意监护制度，完善监护的设立方式；根据行为能力的不同设置不同层次的监护；具体规定成年人监护事务的内容，明确监护人的权利、义务，强化监护人的责任等。

The guardian, moreover, so long as he has the wardship of the land, shall keep up the houses, parks, fishponds, stanks, mills, and other things pertaining to the land, out of the issues of the same land; and he shall restore to the heir, when he has come to full age, all his land, stocked with ploughs and wainage, according as the season of husbandry shall require, and the issues of the land can reasonable bear.

此外，监护人监护土地期间，应从该土地所生孳息中划拨费用，保持维护房屋、园地、鱼塘、池塘、磨坊和其他附着于该地之物；同时，一旦继承人成年，则监护人应将所有土地，按耕种季节所需，根据土地孳息可以合理承担的范围，备齐犁铧及别样农具，一并交还继承人。

Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that delivery hospitals(X1),education of child caretakers(X2) were the main influencing factors to the timely birth dose HepB vaccination,the investigation landform,occupation of child ca retakers,ethnic,whether the child caretakers know children need vaccination and if the child caretakers bring children for vaccination on their own have relevancy with the timely to the timely birth dose HepB vaccination.

多因素分析显示，住院分娩、儿童监护人的文化程度是影响HepB1及时接种的因素，调查地类型、监护人职业、民族、是否知道接种疫苗、是否主动带孩子接种疫苗等虽与HepB1及时接种有关联，但并不是影响因素。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。