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The physical deterioration mechanism,characteristics salt,experimental methods,appraisable index and main influencing factors of soluble salt crystallization corrosion to concrete reviewed.

阐述了混凝土盐结晶物理侵蚀破坏的机理及其破坏特征，介绍了国内外混凝土抗盐结晶破坏的试验方法、评价参数以及影响混凝土盐结晶侵蚀破坏的主要影响因素。

Regeneration and reproduction by establishing tissue culture system of Betula halophila may be a promising way.

植物组织培养技术发展异常迅猛，本研究旨在建立濒危植物盐桦的组织培养再生系统，并对该盐桦组织培养再生系统进行了优化筛选，该研究为盐桦的种质资源保存和无性繁殖开辟了一条行之有效的途径。

The factors affect on the degree of substitution of product, yield and apparent viscosity, such as the mol rates of EPTAC with -NH2, reaction temperature, reaction time and the content of water in system have been discussed in detail. FTIR spectrometer and UV spectrometer are used to characterize the structure of the derivative and it is proved that substitution reaction mainly occurs on the -N element .The particle size and morphology of chitosan and quantemary ammonium salt of chitosan are analysised by comparing photos of their scanning electron microscope. The degree of substitution of HACC is determined by acid -base conductometric titration. An error in current formula of DS has pointed out and a correct formula has presented.On the base of experience of above experiment, the reaction conditions of HACC were systematically investigated through orthogonal design, and then the best conditions are found. Water-solubility and dependence of pH are studied.

壳聚糖和环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵在异相条件下发生反应，通过单因素实验，制备了一系列不同性能的壳聚糖季铵盐，本文首次详细讨论了反应条件(反应摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度、水含量)对产率及产物性能的影响；用红外光谱和核磁共振对结构进行表征分析时，发现季铵盐阳离子基以N位上取代为主；通过电镜图片对壳聚糖和季铵盐衍生物外观形貌进行对比，采用酸碱电导滴定法测定产物的取代度，并对常用取代度公式做了修正。

Three novel hemicyanine derivatives,-N-(4-sulfopropyl)-4-[2-(4- N, N-diethylaminophenyl)-ethenyl]pyridinium,-N-(4-suMbbutyl)- 4-[2-(4-N, N-diethylaminophenyl)ethenyl]pyridinium (EPS4), and-N-(4- su)fobutyl-4-[2-(4-N, N-diethylaminophenyl)ethenyl]quinolinium (EQS4) with different length of alkyl chains between the adsorbing group (RSO3-) and the chromophore group, were synthesized and their photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties were studied.

设计合成了具有不同空间位阻的吡啶盐类和喹啉盐类半菁染料-N-(4—磺酸根丙基)-4-[2-4（4-N，N-二乙基氨基苯基）乙烯基]吡啶鎓盐，-N-4-磺酸根丁基）-4-[2-(4-N，N-二乙氨基苯基）乙烯基]吡啶鎓盐（EPS4）和-N-（4-磺酸根丁基）-4-2-（4-N，N-二乙基氨基苯基）喹啉鎓盐（EQS4），研究了它们的光物理性质，并将它们用作TiO2纳米晶电极的光敏化剂引入光电化学电池中。

Response of physiology indices of Medicago falcata L. to salt stress is different. SOD activity, peroxidase isozyme and chlorophyll content cannot reflect the difference of the ability to salt tolerance of the materials. These indices are not fitting for studying the ability of salt tolerance of Medicago falcata L..

黄花苜蓿各生理指标对盐胁迫的响应存在差异，SOD活性、过氧化物同工酶和叶绿素含量不能反映黄花苜蓿材料间耐盐能力的差异，不宜采用这几个指标研究分析黄花苜蓿材料间的耐盐能力。

Under the condition of salt stress, the germination percentage, germination index and sprouts growth of different Melilotus seeds had declined tendency with increasing salt content, different varieties had different salt stress reaction.

在盐胁迫下，随盐浓度的增加，各品种草木樨种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和胚芽长度均呈下降趋势，不同品种草木樨对盐胁迫的反应不同。

Under the excitations of Ultraviolet, X-ray, cathodic ray, etc. tungstates can produce blue emission, and molybdates can generate green light. Hence, scheelite-structured tungstates and molybdates are used in the fields of detections for high energy particles, scintillant arithmometers, X-ray gain screen, luminescence and displays.

在紫外、X射线、阴极射线等的激发下，钨酸盐能发射出蓝光，钼酸盐能发射出绿光，因而白钨矿结构的钨—钼酸盐在高能粒子探测、闪烁计数器、X射线增感屏、发光与显示技术等领域具有重要的应用。

Studied influence of sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, polycarboxylic series(SR3), aminosulfonic acid-based series on rheology of sulphoaluminate cement paste. Adjusted setting time with setting retarder, and reduced water dilution, bleeding, segregation of fresh paste with viscosity-modifying admixture.

研究了萘系、氨基磺酸盐系和聚羧酸系高效减水剂与硫铝酸盐水泥的相容性问题，利用缓凝剂有效控制了硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间，利用浆体稳定剂成功解决了水泥净浆的板结、泌水问题，从浆体流变学角度研究了外加剂—硫铝酸盐水泥浆体体系稳定性。

The Perennial ryegrass, Tall fescue and Red fescue have the largest seed germination rate under the 8 grades NaCl concentration stress. With the concentration increasing, the seed germination of turfgrass sharply decreased. Most of the turfgrass seeds couldn germinate under the NaC1 stress which concentration was above 0.1%, besides the Zoysia, Alkali grass and Creeping bentgrass got a good germination rate.

利用8个梯度（0％，0.2％，0.4％，0.6％，0.8％，1.0％，1.2％，1.4％）的NaCl胁迫处理试验发现，低盐浓度下（培养液〈=0.2％NaCl）草种发芽率以多年生黑麦草、高羊茅最高；随着盐浓度的增加，各草种发芽率迅速下降，当盐浓度达到1.0％时，大部分草种不能发芽或发芽很少，只有结缕草、碱茅及匍匐翦股颖等草种有较好的发芽表现。

Theoretical analysis on three series of cements, i. e. Portland cement, high alumina cement and sulpho-aluminous cement, shows that alkalinity of the pore fluid of the balanced hydration product of sulpho-aluminous cement is the lowest, and its strength and alkalinity can be adjusted further by the adjustment of its components.

目前硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥等三大系列水泥的理论分析表明：硫铝酸盐水泥系列水化产物平衡时的液相碱度是最低的，且经过改性还可以进一步改善其强度和碱度等综合性能。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。