盈余

But there's also a powerful financial reason behind the preference, and that has to do with taxes. The tax code makes Berkshire's owning 80% or more of a business far more profitable for us, proportionately, than our owning a smaller share. When a company we own all of earns $1 million after tax, the entire amount inures to our benefit. If the $1 million is upstreamed to Berkshire, we owe no tax on the dividend. And, if the earnings are retained and we were to sell the subsidiary - not likely at Berkshire!- for $1 million more than we paid for it, we would owe no capital gains tax. That's because our "tax cost" upon sale would include both what we paid for the business and all earnings it subsequently retained.

当然除此之外还有一个重大的财务理由，而且是跟税负有关，根据税法规定，持有80%以上的股权比起拥有少数股权对Berkshire要有利的多，当一家完全由我们持有的公司税后赚了100万美元，这笔钱将全数纳到我们的口袋里，Berkshire不会因为收到股利而被课任何的税，而且如果我们将盈余全数保留，之后再把这家子公司出售-当然Berkshire是不可能做这样的事，那么就算之后的卖价超过100万美元，我们也不必为此支付任何的资本利得税，原因在于我们在税法上的成本包含我们先前买下该公司的成本以及以后年度保留的所有盈余。

However, invertors might not understand employee bonus that should be treated as expense in the income statement, rather than as a distribution of earnings in the statement of retained earnings at the beginning. Accordingly, investors did not consider the factor of director compensation and employee bonus in their investment decision-making so that there had been existence of mechanical hypothesis on employee bonus.

但是在未修改法规之前，投资人并未了解员工分红应该列为损益表中的费用，而是认为列在保留盈余中作为盈余之分配，因此投资人在进行投资决策时未能考虑董监酬劳以及员工分红，所以投资人对员工分红会存在机械性假说之状况。

Mozes and Rapaccioli (1995) found that if the dividend announcement precedes the earnings announcement, no size effect exists.

Mozes and Rapaccioli(1995)实证发现股宣告在盈余宣告之前，存在规模效应，反之没有支付股或股宣告在盈余宣告之后，则存在规模效应。

The average level of the soil available potassium was 119.96 mg/kg, which decreased 18.94 mg/kg and 1.05 mg/kg one year averagely. But the decreasing trend alleviated in recent years. There were 39.5 kg/hm^2 nitrogen and 30.9 kg/hm^2 phosphorus (P2O5) more than needed averagely, and 150.0 kg/hm^2 potassium (K2O) in deficiency. Though the fertilizer application was high and the rate of fertilizer was 647.96 kg/hm^2 in nutrient, the ratio of organic to inorganic was still unreasonable. The ratio of the chemical fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) was 1:0.42:0.14. The nitrogen application was enough and even higher than that was needed. The phosphorus was proper elementarily and potassium was in deficiency. The yield of wheat which was the main crop increased slightly and that of other autumn harvest crops was stable.

土壤速效钾7年平均值119.96 mg/kg，比第二次土壤普查时下降了18.94 mg/kg，平均每年以1.05 mg/kg的速度下降，但近年来下降趋势变缓；养分平衡中氮素平均盈余39.5 kg/hm^2，磷素(P2O5)盈余30.9 kg/hm^2，钾素(K2O)亏缺150.0 kg/hm2；全省施肥水平较高，每公顷总施肥量折纯养分647.96 kg，但有机无机比仍不合理，化肥氮、磷、钾投入比例1：0.42：0.17，氮肥充足，部分地区用量偏高，磷肥基本合理，钾肥不足；主要农作物小麦产量略有上升，其它主要秋收作物产量基本稳定。

Therefore, this paper discusses the matter from the nature of the assets and the influence the new accounting standards has on surplus managements through assets. Supp

缘此从资产本身的性质和企业会计准则的变化通过资产给企业盈余管理带来的影响两大方向进行讨论，并辅以大量实例，由此考查企业盈余管理的行为，来检测我国会计规范实施的效果。

The article discusses how to regularize earnings management of Chinese listed company with the separate viewpoints of law; accounting standard; accounting principle; security supervisor committee; professional criteria of Certificated Publ...

本文在国内外学者对盈余管理大量实证研究的基础上分别从我国法律法规、会计准则和会计制度、证券监管部门、注册会计师职业规范体系、关联方交易、资产重组等角度探讨了如何对上市公司盈余管理现象的规范。

And the absolute value of all the count of control capability is used to analyze the degree of earnings management, which is the explained variable. The above 3 study hypothesises are validated by multi-linearity-regression-analysis method using the statistic analyses software SPSS 15.0. On the regression analyses, there are two times of multi-linearity-regression.

然后，。。。更多采用修正的横截面Jones模型来度量关联交易对盈余管理的影响，以操纵性应计数的绝对值来度量盈余管理的程度，即为被解释变量，采用多元线性回归模型来验证本文提出的3个研究假设，并借助SPSS15.0统计软件。

This study investigates the impact of financial derivatives usage on earnings attributes and earnings informativeness.

本文以台湾上市公司为研究对象，探讨公司使用衍生性融商品避险对於盈余属性及盈余资讯性的影响。

The purpose of this study is to explore whether income smoothing affects the information content of earnings and the informativeness of past and current earnings about future earnings and cash flows.

中文摘要本文旨在探讨损益平稳化对盈余资讯内涵的影响，以及经平稳的损益是否影响投资人所获得之未来盈余、现金流量资讯多寡。

This study also investigate whether this kind of earnings management affects the informativeness of earnings, and whether a relatively reliable measure of management's exercise of channel stuffing over earnings--unexpected accounts receivable--can provide incremental information under this phenomenon.

进一步地，再观察这样的盈余管理方式，是否会使得盈余的资讯性降低，而未预期的应收帐款科目在这样的情形下，能否提供额外的资讯给报表使用者。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。