盈余

To depict something closer to economic reality at Berkshire than reported earnings, though, we employ the concept of "look-through" earnings.

在这里我们所谓的营业盈余系已扣除资本利得，特别会计调整与企业其它非常态的项目。

The following table sets forth our 2000 look-through earnings, though I warn you that the figures can be no more than approximate, since they are based on a number of judgment calls. The dividends paid to us by these investees have been included in the operating earnings itemized on page 15, mostly under Insurance Group: Net Investment Income.

第 42 页共 56 页 www.buffettism.com 巴菲特研究中心 Research Centre for Buffettism 各位可以从下表看出我们是如何计算出 2000 年透视盈余的，不过我还是要提醒各位这些数字只不过是估计数，很多都是基于简单的判断，(被投资公司所分配的股利收入已经列在 15 页的营业利益之内，大部分包含在保险事业的净投资收益项下)。

Now, however, expectations for media have moved toward the bob-around model. And, as our simplified example illustrates, valuations must change dramatically when expectations are revised. We have a significant investment in media - both through our direct ownership of Buffalo News and our shareholdings in The Washington Post Company and Capital Cities/ABC - and the intrinsic value of this investment has declined materially because of the secular transformation that the industry is experiencing. Cyclical factors have also hurt our current look-through earnings, but these factors do not reduce intrinsic value.

我们在媒体事业有相当大的投资，不管是百分之百拥有的水牛城日报或是在华盛顿邮报与资本城/ABC 的股票投资，而这些媒体事业的价值因为前面所提到的产业所面临的形态转变而大幅滑落，(景气循环因素也使得我们现在的透视盈余大受影响，虽然还不致于让实质价值减少)，然而就像是我们经营伯克希尔的企业原则所揭示的，我们不会只是因为还有其它更有利的资金用途，就随便将已被列为永恒的事业或主要投资出售，(当然之前我们也确实卖了一些媒体股，不过规模相对较小)。

Germany, in particular, fears being lumped together with China because both have current-account surpluses.

特别是德国担心与中国捆绑在一起，因为两国的经常帐户均有盈余。

The National School Lunch Program intended to prevent the return of Depression-era child malnourishment allowed the government to buy surplus food from farmers and set minimum nutritional values for each meal.

国家校园午餐吃计划》当初为了防止再现"大萧条"时期儿童营养不良而颁布，它允许政府向农民购买盈余食物，并设订每餐的最低营养值。

The National School Lunch Program, intended to prevent the return of Depression-era child malnourishment, allowed the government to buy surplus food from farmers and set minimum nutritional values for each meal.

国家校园午餐吃计划》当初为了防止再现"大萧条"时期儿童营养不良而颁布，它允许政府向农民购买盈余食物，并设定每餐的最低营养值。

Chapter 5: Empirical Studies of Earnings Management of Listed Companies and the Setting of Accounting Standards.

第5章，上市公司盈余管理与会计准则制定之经验研究。

A financial maneuverer, invariably operating with large amounts of borrowed money, who plans to resell either to the public or to another corporation as soon as the time is favorable. Frequently, this buyer's major contribution will be to change accounting methods so that earnings can be presented in the most favorable light just prior to his bailing out. I'm enclosing a recent article that describes this sort of transaction, which is becoming much more frequent because of a rising stock market and the great supply of funds available for such transactions.

2第二类的公司是财务公司，大量运用所借来的资金，只要时机得当，总是准备随时将公司再卖给投资大众或是别的大企业，通常这类买主对公司最大的贡献就是改变公司的会计政策，使得公司盈余比以前看起来好看一点，如此一来使他得以用更好的价格脱手而出，附件是最近一篇有关这类交易的文章报导，由于最近股市热络所以这类的活动也相当频繁，同时这类的资金也相当充沛。

Www.buffettism.com 巴菲特研究中心 Research Centre for Buffettism that their experiences will confirm the tendency of parent companies to take over the running of their subsidiaries, particularly when the parent knows the industry, or thinks it does.(2) A financial maneuverer, invariably operating with large amounts of borrowed money, who plans to resell either to the public or to another corporation as soon as the time is favorable. Frequently, this buyer's major contribution will be to change accounting methods so that earnings can be presented in the most favorable light just prior to his bailing out.

I'm enclosing a list of everyone from whom we have ever bought a business， and I invite you to check 44 (2)第二类的公司是财务公司，大量运用所借来的资金，只要时机得当，总是准备随时将公司再卖给投资大众或是别的大企业，通常这类买主对公司最大的贡献就是改变公司的会计政策，使得公司盈余比以前看起来好看一点，如此一来使他得以用更好的价格脱手而出，附件是最近一篇有关这类交易的文章报导，由于最近股市热络所以这类的活动也相当频繁，同时这类的资金也相当充沛。

of martingale was used to analyze the analytical formula of ruin probability and its upper bound estimation.

利用鞅论方法分析模型盈余过程的性质、破产概率的解析式及其上界估计。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。