皮质

Addison's disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism, is a reduction of production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids by the adrenal glands.

阿狄森氏病，又名肾上腺皮质功能减退，是肾上腺分泌的糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素减少。

The effects of zinc deficiency on the serum cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentration,and the cerebrum nitric oxide synthase activity in rats were studied.

就缺锌对大鼠血液皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素含量以及大脑皮质NO合酶活性的影响进行了研究。

DATA SYNTHESIS:① Under high altitude, the body would generate stress reaction to hypoxia, that is the adaptive action of hypothalamus-adenohypophyseal-adrenal cortical axis, and the increase in the concentration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone to regulate the adaptability of body to stress stimulation, moreover, to induce the increase in releasing factor secretion.

资料综合：①高海拔状态下机体对低氧产生应激反应，表现为下丘脑―垂体―肾上腺皮质轴的适应性运转，血中促肾上腺皮质激素浓度增加，以调节机体对应激刺激的适应能力，同时使促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子分泌增加。

The PET of 2 patients showed that there were many hypo-metablism areas in cortex or subcortex. In addition, some cortical hypo-metablism areas of PET were not correspondingly found lesions in cortex or subcortex by MRI.

PET影像检查显示2例患者存在多处皮质、皮质下代谢减低区；MRI中未发现相应皮质或皮质下白质病灶。

Results the mmse score of the case 1 was 19, which was lower than normal. the wis score of the case 2 was normal. the pet of 2 patients showed that there were many hypo-metablism areas in cortex or subcortex.in addition,some cortical hypo-metablism areas of pet were not correspondingly found lesions in cortex or subcortex by mri.

结果 例1简易精神状态检查量表评分19分，低于正常；例2韦氏智商测试为正常水平。pet影像检查显示2例患者存在多处皮质、皮质下代谢减低区；mri中未发现相应皮质或皮质下白质病灶。

Abstract］ objective to improve the diagnosis of non-ossifying fiboma by analysing its x-ray feature.methods plain x-ray films was performed in all patients.x-ray finding in 8 cases with pathologically-confirmed non-ossifying were analyzed.results the clinical symptom was mild,the lesions occurred usually at the metaphysis of the long bones,the affected bones included femur（n=4）,tibia（n=3）,humerus（n=1）.cortical type was seen in 5 cases,presenting as unilocular or multilacular transparent areas with in the cortex or tightly beneath the cortex,the lesion had a sclerotic margin.which was more obvious at the marrow side.medullary type was seen in 2 cases.the lesion was located at the center of the bone and grew centrally.the tumor was manifested as unilocular or multilocular.tramsparent area with sclerotic border and the bone cortex became thinner with slightly expanding on 11 sides.conclusion plain radiography is the elementally means to detect this disease.based on the typical x-ray signs of non-ossifying fibroma combined with clinical data,correct preoperative diagnosis can be made in most cases.

目的 探讨非骨化性纤维瘤的x线表现以提高诊断水平。方法所有病例均摄有x线平片，分析经病理证实的8例非骨化性纤维瘤。结果临床症状轻，好发于下肢长骨干骺端或骨干，股骨4例，胫骨3例，肱骨1例。皮质型5例，表现为皮质内或紧贴皮质下的单层或多层透亮区，病变向骨内发展进入髓腔，周围有致密硬化带环绕，以髓腔侧明显；髓质型2例，病灶在骨内中央发展，显示为单房或多房透亮区，边缘有硬化，骨皮质菲薄，轻微向周围膨隆。结论 x线为最基本的检查方法，典型病例x线平片结合临床症状即可明确诊断。

The posterior cingulated gyrus of patients with Alzheimers disease is impaired and the extent of damage should has a strong correlation with rCMRglc. The selective impairment might reflect the cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical disconnections in the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease. DTI technique should be used to monitor the disease progression and as a surrogate marker for evaluation of drug efficacy in vivo.

AD患者表现为扣带回后部各向异性损害，且损害程度与葡萄糖代谢率呈负相关；这种损害反应了AD病理机制中皮质－皮质及皮质－皮质下联系的丢失；扣带回后部FA、MD值可以用来监测疾病的进展情况及评价AD治疗药物的临床疗效。

Expression of Caspase-3 and bcl-2 protein In E20 cerebral cortex, the expression of cleaved Caspase-3 in the encephalocoele group are higher than that in control group, and the expression of bcl-2 in the encephalocoele group are lower than that in control group. These findings were consistent with the results of the western blot analysis in E14 Brain.

四、Western-blot检测E14、E20胎鼠大脑皮质中caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白的表达 1、用Western-blot方法检测不同组E20胎鼠大脑皮质中caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白表达水平，结果表明对照组、给药无畸形组、脊柱裂组胎鼠大脑皮质中caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白表达水平无明显改变，而脑膨出组胎鼠大脑皮质中caspase-3蛋白活化片段表达水平明显增加，bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显减少。

Expression of nNOS mRNA, eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in the E 20 cerebral cortex: There were no obvious changes of expression of nNOS mRNA in ETU-injected and control groups. Expression of eNOS mRNA increased significantly in cerebral cortex of the encephalocoele group, And there were no obvious changes of expression of eNOS mRNA in cerebral cortex of the control group and the other ETU-injection groups.

六、不同组E20胎鼠大脑皮质中nNOS mRNA、eNOS mRNA和iNOS mRNA的表达 1、实时定量PCR检测发现对照组、给药无畸形组、脊柱裂组和脑膨出组E20胎鼠大脑皮质中nNOS mRNA表达无明显改变； 2、给药无畸形组、脊柱裂组和对照组胎鼠大脑皮质中eNOSmRNA表达无明显改变，而脑膨出组胎鼠大脑皮质中eNOS mRNA表达明显增多； 3、在各组未检测到iNOSmRNA表达。

Abstract］ objective to discuss radiological findings of parosteal osteosarcoma on emphasis combined with clinical pathology and literature.methods 4 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma proved by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.results female was 3 cases,male was 1 case,average age was 30.5 years old,these tumors were arised on posterior border of distal femur and popliteal cavity,presented as lobular dense ossified mass,defined lesion.one case had villose margin.a thin narrow lucent zone separated the mass from the cortex at two cases.one case underwent angiography,there was no malignant feature.conclusion parosteal osteosarcoma may be divided into low-grade type and high-grade type.radiological manifestations of early stage possess character,early diagnosis conduces to establish rational treating plan and evaluate prognosis.

目的 结合临床病理学特征和文献资料，重点讨论皮质旁骨肉瘤的x线特征。方法收集经手术、病理证实的皮质旁骨肉瘤病例4例，对其进行回顾性分析。结果 4例患者女3例，男1例，平均年龄30.5岁，肿瘤均发生于股骨远端后侧和腘窝处，表现为分叶状致密骨化肿块，边界清晰，其中1例边缘呈绒毛状改变，2例有细窄透亮带与骨皮质相隔，1例行血管造影，未见血管池等恶性征象。结论皮质旁骨肉瘤分为低度恶性和高度恶性两种，早期影像学表现有特征性，早期诊断有助于制订相应的治疗方案和评估预后。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。