皮膜

Results AQP1 is expressed at the apical and basolateral membrane of the microvascular endothelium; AQP3 was detected at basal cells of both the bronchiole epithelium and submucosal gland acinus; AQP4 is present in the basolateral membrane of columnar cells in bronchiole; while AQP5 is expressed in the apical membrane of type Ⅰ pneumocytes, and also at the apical of columnar cells of superficial epithelium and submucosal gland acinar cells.

结果本研究发现AQPs基因在羊肺中的表达分布与人相似，AQP1在肺内的毛细血管内皮细胞表达；AQP3在小支气管黏膜上皮的基底细胞的基侧膜表达，AQP4存在于小支气管黏膜上皮的柱状纤毛细胞的基侧膜；AQP5存在于Ⅰ型肺泡上皮细胞的顶质膜，存在于小支气管黏膜上皮柱状纤毛细胞，以及在气道黏膜下腺的腺细胞的顶质膜表达。

Seeds 1-12, smooth or occasionally furrowed, albuminous or exalbuminous, sometimes winged, wing membranous, basal, exarillate or aril basal to completely enveloping seed, aril membranous, fleshy, rarely mucilaginous; cotyledons flat, foliaceous or thick, connate, germination epigeous.

种子1-12，光滑或者偶尔有皱，具胚乳或无胚乳，有时具翅，翅膜质，基生，无假种皮或有假种皮，假种皮基生或完全包围种子，膜质、肉质，很少有粘液子叶平，叶状或者厚，合生，发芽时出土。2n = 8，12，14。

By using the method of Western blot on fractions of nuclear and cytosol of primary cultured mantle cells and immunogold electron microscopy, we found out the completely different localization of these two proteins: CaM was localized both in cytoplasm and nuclear but CaLP was localized only in the cytoplasm.

通过对体外培养的珍珠贝外套膜上皮细胞核质分离后进行的Western blot分析和免疫电镜研究发现，CaM和CaLP的亚细胞定位是截然不同的：CaM分布于外套膜上皮细胞的细胞核与细胞质中，而CaLP却仅分布于外套膜上皮细胞的细胞质中。

Mu opioid receptor was not observed in the wrist, funnel, abdomen of mantle, mouth, craw, stomach theca, intestine, rectum, sialoid gland, liver. Weak positive mu opioid receptor immunoreaction was found in inner epidermis, ectoblast, connective tissue of the esophagus and the keratolytic of the stomach and positive immunoreaction in epidermis of back of mantle and membrane of wrist.

结果表明，短蛸腕、漏斗、外套膜腹面、口球、嗉囊、胃盲囊、肠、直肠、前唾液腺、后唾液腺、肝胰脏均呈μ受体阴性，但食道内上皮、外膜、结缔组织和胃角质层有μ受体分布，外套膜背面、腕间膜的上皮或近上皮部位呈μ受体阳性。

Methods On the basis of nasal anatomic dissection in 7 adult cadavers, a conception of "lateral nasal aponeurosis" was put forward and a new fixation technique for correcting epicanthus was used cliniclly in the following procedures: incision of the epicanthal fold, cantholysis and canthoplasty by pulling the new canthus medially and fixing it on the lateral nasal aponeurosis.

本文对7具尸体的鼻侧腱膜进行了解剖观察，从而提出鼻侧膜固定法矫正内眦赘皮畸形，即水平切开半月形赘皮，开大内眦角，将新内眦点向中央移位，并缝合固定于鼻侧腱膜上以重建内眦角，修剪新内眦角上下两侧的多余赘皮。

In the end-to-side group, the cutaneous antebrachii medialis nerve was transected, then an 1 mm epineural window was created on the ulnar nerve. Distal end of CAM nerve was sutured to the windowed ulnar nerve by means of end-to-side neurorrhaphy. In the normal control group, CAM and ulnar nerves were exposed. One year post-operatively, evaluations including acetylcholinesterase stain and retrograde Fluoro-Gold neuron tracing were conducted.

端侧缝合组切断前臂内侧皮神经，尺神经后内侧方外膜开窗，将前臂内侧皮神经和开窗的尺神经外膜做端侧缝合，正常对照组仅显露前臂内侧皮神经和尺神经。1年后采用乙酰胆碱酯酶染色和Fluoro-Gold荧光逆行示踪技术，观察和计数前臂内侧皮神经纤维和大鼠脊髓C5~T1前角和背根神经节神经元。

Anatomical study proved:①.4~8 nutritional vessels of sural nerve –small saphenous vein were the intermuscular perforators of peroneal artery, the furthermost one located at(1.0±1.3)cm above the tip of external malleolus with diameter (0.6±0.2)mm;②.2~6 musculocutaneous perforators were given off by the artery of outer head of gastrocnemius muscle to supply nutrition to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein;③.intermuscular perforators from peroneal artery supplied blood to fibula and outer head of soleus muscle.the perforators with an average outer diameter of （1.3-1.6）cm gave off cutaneous branch ,fascial branch and nutritional vessels to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein,which formed the vessel chain of the sural nerve-small saphenous vein ,sub-fascial and suprafascial vessel net.

结果：1、解剖实验证实：①、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管来自腓动脉肌间隔穿支4～8支，最远的跟外侧动脉穿支距外踝尖上(1.0±1.3)cm，外径(0.6±0.2)mm。②、腓肠肌外侧头动脉沿途发2-6支的肌皮穿支营养腓肠神经-小隐静脉。③、腓动脉肌间隔穿支营养腓骨、比目鱼肌外侧半。上述穿皮支平均外径在0.3～1.6mm，发出皮支、筋膜支、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管，形成腓肠神经-小隐静脉血管链以及深、浅筋膜血管网。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

A portion of ductal cells and individual serous acinic cells of the minor salivary gland also expressed Fas not only in membranous but also in cytoplasmic pattern.

结果发现，在正常鼻咽粘膜表面及隐窝的假复层纤毛柱状上皮细胞胞膜、部分小涎腺的导管上皮和个别浆液性腺泡上皮细胞的胞膜和胞浆Fas阳性表达；鳞状化生上皮的表层细胞胞膜有Fas表达，但基底细胞未见Fas表达；浸润的淋巴细胞也不表达Fas.45.9%（17/37）的鼻咽非角化性癌Fas阳性，但只有不足10%的癌细胞胞膜微弱表达Fas。

TyPe II collagen induced arthritisln the rat ank1e joint andoVathumin as antigen induced arthritis WA in the rabbit knee joint wereestab1ish2 Qualitative evaluation of me in skin, muscle, synovium, cedilagearound joint and blood was performed by OMA3 The CIA rats were treated on day 7 after hind paw swelling and erythemaAnimals were injected intravenously with ase at a dose of 10mg/kg,tWenty minuots 1ater, one ankle of the rats random1y assigned was exPosedlaser irradiation at l00J/cm fOr l000 seconds, and another ankle wasM grouP wihout laser The other two groups is unmanipulatedcontrol group and untreated CIA group Bimaleolar ankle widthmeasuremellts were taken in all animals every tWo days using amicrometer The histopathology of the ank1e Joint was assessed at day 21after disease onset4 The pro1iferating cell nuclear antigen WCNA of CIA treated by PDT andthe HMME group without laser was doterdrined by immunohistochemiStry5 The AfA rabbits were treated on day 7 after knee swelling and erythemaThe theraPy invo1ved lntravenous injection of l0mg/kg HMME, fOl1owedby 20 minues period in dim light, and transdermal light treatment with\l00 J/cm2 fOr l000 seconds The inner sides of the treated Anees wereirradiated at first, and then the outer side did 24 hours later, the synovialtissue of the Anees joint were removed and in situ cel1 aPoptosis wasdetCCted With tednal deoxync1eotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labelingR6suIt8:l The pathologic changes of CIA and AIA include subsynovial inflammation,opovial hyPerplasia, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destructionresemble RA.2 The studies demonstrated that there are different uptake of HMME withinskin, muscle, synovium, cartilage and b1ood, and the synovium cou1draPidly uPtake more ase than skin and cartilage at the firSt 30 minuesaller intravenous injection of HMME3 The bimaleolar anke width had no different among PDT treated group,H group withollt 1aser and untreated CIA group But hlstologicalevaluation showed statiStical1y significallt reductions in synovialhyperplasia, pannus formation and cart1lage reosion, bone destruction andtotal score in PDT treated group4 Image analysis showed that the ratlo bforeen the areas of the coufltedobect to that of the entire area in PDTtreated grOup is lower than that in conirol group, but the integrated oPticaldensity had no different between the two groups5 Imape analysis showed that the ratio between the area of the countedobject to that of the e

治疗组在大鼠出现踝关节红肿后1周，炎症达到高峰时进行PDT治疗。随机治疗大鼠一侧的踝关节，另。2。一一侧作单纯HMME 对照。治疗方法是大鼠麻醉后尾静脉注入 HMME10ngkg，20分钟后踝关节照光，激光波长627.sum，功率密度 100mwcm'，照射时间1000秒，能量密度100）／。治疗后避光喂养72 小时。隔日一次测量大鼠的踝关节左右横径，治疗后两周取关节进行病理d 观察。 4。大鼠CIA模型用上述方法进行PDT治疗后，治疗组和单纯HMME 组用兔疫组化SP法检测石蜡切片的核增殖抗原。 5。兔AIA模型在关节炎出现第七天进行PDT治疗，随机治疗一侧膝关节，另一侧作自身对照。兔耳静脉注入I'arrainrelomg／Kg，20分钟后，膝关节用金蒸气激光照射，激光能量密度100）儿旷。24 ／J'时后取膝关节滑膜作病理检查，并用脱氧核昔酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测凋亡细胞。结果： 1。模型观察：CIA大鼠炎症高峰期滑膜下炎细胞浸润明显，滑膜细胞明显增殖，炎症达到高峰后二周，血管缀形成，并侵蚀和破坏软骨和骨， CIA模型病理改变与人类RA相似。兔AIA模型膝关节滑膜病理可见滑膜细胞增生，滑膜下炎细胞浸润，也与人类RA滑膜改变相似。 2。关节周围组织中光敏剂含量的测定结果表明，各组织对HMME 的吸收速度和吸收量不同，荧光值一时间曲线不同，滑膜组织比皮肤和软骨对 HMME的吸收多，在 2 0分钟时即有明显差异。 3.PDT对CIA模型的治疗结果表明：PDT治疗后关节炎组、单纯 HMME组和治疗组踝关节左右横径统计学检验差异没有显著性，但病理评分PDT治疗组滑膜增生、血管资形成及软骨破坏、骨破坏和总分比关节炎对照组和HMME对照组好，统计学检验差异有显著性。。3＿军医进修学院硕士学位论文中文摘要 4.PDT治疗组PCNA阳性细胞较对照组少，图像分析结果表明面密度（阳性染色的面积总和与统计视野面积的比值）治疗组小于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。。 5.PDT治疗组凋亡阳性细胞较对照组明显增多，图像分析结果单位视野内阳性细胞数和面密度PDT治疗组高于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。凋亡细胞核直径PDT治疗组较小，与对照组相比，统计学检验差异有显著性。结论：二。CIA、AIA的病理改变类似人类RA，可作为研究RA病因、发病机制、检查及治疗方法的模型。 2。各组织对HMME的吸收速度和吸收量不同，滑膜组织比皮。

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Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。