皮层

Then the intracellular calcium concentration of neurons was measured by laser confocal scanning microscope , represented by the mean intracellular fluorescent intensity. On the ice, the cerebral cortical tissue at the infarction margin of the section after optic chiasm was rapidly dissociated about 100mg, then made into brain homogenate in low temperature. The high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the Glu, Asp and Gly contents in homogenized brain tissue.

视交叉平面用2％TTC染色，用图像处理软件计算出脑梗死面积占该片脑组织面积的百分比；取视交叉前平面梗死边缘区皮层组织约100mg，用酶消化法制作神经细胞悬液，用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测皮层神经元细胞内游离钙离子浓渡，以细胞平均的荧光强度代表细胞内钙浓度；冰上迅速分离视交叉后梗死边缘区皮层组织约100mg，于低温下制作脑组织匀浆，用高效液相色谱法测定皮层匀浆中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸的含量。

So, endomycorrhiza was formed betweenD. candidum roots and strain AR-15. There were several nucleoli and nuclei in thecortical cells next to exodermis when a nucleus transfer across the cell wall wasobserved. Sometimes plant roots were damaged by strain AR-15. The microstructure of D.

真菌AR-18倾向于根生长，在根周围形成了一个包围圈，由根被细胞侵入外皮层通道细胞及其相邻的皮层细胞，然后向其他皮层细胞推进；真菌菌丝也可由皮层细胞侵入外皮层细胞。

Strain AR-15 penetrated the exodermal passage cells through the velamen cells or root hairs and further infected the cortical cells. There were a number of spores and hyphae in plant roots that was damaged by strain AR-15. Study on the ultrastructure of D. nobile root and its endomycorrhizal formationshowed that the wall of velamen cells of D. nobile root was thin, and there were waxylayers outside of velamen. Cells of exodermis were arranged tidily, having thick wallsand chloroplast.

金钗石斛根及其菌根的超微结构研究表明，金钗石斛根的根被细胞薄壁，在最外层根被细胞之外覆盖着蜡质层，外皮层细胞排列整齐，细胞壁厚，内含叶绿体，靠近外皮层的皮层细胞含叶绿体、线粒体，皮层细胞壁薄，细胞核明显，周围有叶绿体围绕，细胞膜附近有小泡结构。

The cortical cells had thin walls and mitochondrium, and nucleus wassurrounded by chloroplasts, and vesicles were next to cell plasmalemma. However, cellwalls of velamen, cortex and exodermis in the mycorrhiza of D. nobile had ring orpapillary thickenings in many cases. The hyphae were surrounded by moremitochondria and vesicles of plant, and the hyphae were digested and their structure waschanged at last. The cell wall of endodermis also had typical ring thickenings, and manysieve orifices in sieve tube elements of phloem were covered by callose, while therewere liaison cords in a few sieve orifices.

金钗石斛菌根的根被细胞的细胞壁多处出现环形圈，外皮层细胞壁加厚，木质化，也有环形圈存在，皮层细胞细胞壁多角形明显，加厚，皮层细胞中存在被消化、失去结构的真菌菌丝，在菌丝周围有较多的线粒体、小泡，内皮层细胞的细胞壁呈现的典型的加厚及木质化环形圈，韧皮部筛管的筛板结构，绝大多数筛孔已为胼胝质所覆盖，仅个别筛孔中还存在连络索。

This showed that capacity of water-holding in biological soil crusts were obvious improve,and effected precipitation permeate or water second distribute process.The study results of"fertile islands"formation mechanism in biological crusts showed that biological crusts layer cover could increased nutrients content for below sand soil through precipitation permeate washing,and it promoted plants assimilate more nutriment.The matter import ways of biological soil crusts fertility island had many ways,including the effection of living macrobiotics metabolism in crusts levels,wind-sand flow of near surface,dust deposition and plants decomposition course,etc.Source of particle matter in biological soil crusts was wind-sand flow of near surface,and not dust deposition.Biological crusts layer cover had preserved effection for nature water content in 0-5cm soil layer,compared with the sand of no biological crusts layer,effecting precipitation permeate,and could not obvious restrained from the water evaporate process indoor experiment.

生物结皮层肥岛形成机制的研究结果表明：生物结皮层覆盖能够通过降水淋溶作用而增加下层土壤养分的含量，进而促进植物对养分的吸收；生物结皮层养分输入有结皮生物代谢、降尘、风沙流和植物分解矿化作用等多(来源：A73e3B3eC论文网www.abclunwen.com)种途径，但生物结皮层的颗粒物质来源主要是近地表风沙流，而不是大气降尘；生物结皮层覆盖对0-5cm土层自然含水量有一定的保护作用，并影响降水向深层渗透，不能有效的阻止表层水分的蒸发进程；研究表明采取人工促进技术能够在流动沙丘上形成生物结皮层，实现流动沙地的快速治理。

Healthy spikes of high-resistant varieties had thicker cell wall and tissue of cortical sclerenchyma, more number of cortical sclerenchyma layers, more number of fibrovascular bundles, smaller area of green subcutaneous tissue in rachis, and theses differences, except number of fibrovascular bundles, enlarged over time. Considering inoculated spikes, cell wall and tissue layers of cortical sclerenchyma displayed different, and to how much extent the relationship between this difference and anti-extension ability of variety had not determined. 6. On the analysis of agronomical characters and molecular marking technology, more than 30 alien anti-Gibberella wheat materials and two mutants coming from this experiment were evaluated their hereditary multiplicity.

实验结果还证明，高抗品种和感病品种的穗轴组织结构确实存在一定差异，在健康穗中，主要表现在高抗品种的皮层厚壁细胞壁和皮层厚壁组织较厚，皮层厚壁细胞层数较多，维管束数目较多，穗轴表皮下绿色组织面积较小，抗、感品种间的差异达显著水平，随发育时间延长，高抗品种的皮层厚壁细胞壁厚度、厚壁组织厚度和厚壁细胞层数增加的幅度较大；在病穗中，主要表现在高抗品种的皮层厚壁组织细胞层数和厚壁细胞壁厚度增加的幅度较大。

The mechanisms underlying these biases of subcortical neurons are still under investigation.

视皮层内较强的方位、方向选择性主要是由视皮层内部机制形成的，而皮层下神经元也具有明显的方位、方向敏感性，并对视皮层神经元的方位、方向选择性有初步的贡献，然而这种皮层下方位、方向敏感性的形成机制仍在进一步的探索中。

Candidum root and surrounded it, and later penetrated the velamen cells.Or mycorrhizal fungus penetrated the exodermal passage cells through the velamencells and further infected the cells of cortex, and then formed pelotons in the corticalcells.

真菌AR-15由根被侵入外皮层通道细胞，在外皮层通道细胞内形成菌丝结，进一步向皮层细胞侵染，从而形成内生菌根，紧靠外皮层的皮层细胞具有多个细胞核和核仁，还发现细胞核正在进行穿壁运动。

Based on above results, we conclude that the synaptic depression of thalamic input to the cortex contributes to rapid adaptation in cortical neuron, and both the thalamocortical and intracortical synaptic transmission could then enhance the degree of adaptation.

基于以上结果，我们认为，持续刺激引起的丘脑—皮层突触的抑制对皮层神经元的快速适应有贡献，而丘脑—皮层突触以及皮层—皮层突触的放大机制都可以将这一特性进一步增强。

To estimate the contribution of thalamocortical and intracortical synapses to rapid adaptation, we applied electrical stimulation in VPM and barrel cortex and compared the electrical evoked responses of cortical neurons before and after adapting stimulation.

为了了解丘脑—皮层突触和皮层—皮层突触对皮层细胞快速适应的贡献，实验中分别在VPM和体感皮层施加电刺激，研究持续的感官刺激对电刺激诱导出的皮层细胞反应的影响。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。