白垩质

This inland plain, once a ridge of chalk upland, but now eroded, is largely denuded of the trees---mainly oaks---which covered it so densely during the Middle Ages, and which were a seemingly inexhaustible source of timber until they succumbed in later centuries to the charcoal burner and the builder.

这内陆平原，曾经是一座白垩质高地的脊背，但是现在已被腐蚀风化，那些树木已基本上被剥光——-主要是栎树——-如此在那中世纪年代浓密复盖住这块平原。这原先好像是取之不竭木材的源头，直至在几个世纪后期才屈从给烧炭者和建筑工人。

In this area seven microfacies in the Chuangde Fm. red beds can be separated. They are: 1 reddish foraminifera grainstone; 2 reddish microfossils packstone/wackestone; 3 reddish marlstone with microfossils; 4 reddish marlstone; 5 red to variegated floatstone ; 6 reddish shales; 7 reddish radiolarite/ radiolarian chert.In the Yamudok Cuo area, it can be distinguished six microfacies in the redbeds including 1 reddish foraminifera grainstone; 2 reddish microfossils marlstone; 3 reddish shales; 4 yellow-grayish floatstone ; 5 reddish radiolarian chert; 6 reddish chert with radiolaria. The depositional environment of the Chuangde formation can be interpreted from sediments composition, as is deep oceanic basin adjacent to continental slope/rise. The slope/rise setting is indicated by the occurrence of olistoliths and slumped pelagic/hemipelagic limestone, present near the top of the Chuangde Fm.

进一步资料对比研究表明，全球上白垩统海相红层具有以下特征：a上白垩统红层出现在北大西洋、阿尔卑斯、喀尔巴阡、土耳其，向东一直到特提斯喜马拉雅地区和澳大利亚西北角的Exmouth海底高原，横贯整个特提斯和北大西洋；b沉积环境以外陆棚-斜坡和盆地为主，在斜坡环境下多发育有浊流沉积，如Scaglia Rossa和Nietrental组；c有机碳含量普遍很低，0～0.3％之间；d盆地相仅发育红色泥质岩，而斜坡和远洋环境下不仅发育红色页岩，同时还有红色泥灰岩、红色灰岩和红色硅质岩；e北大西洋和地中海地区在Cenomanian-Turonian界线黑色页岩之后不久的Turonian早期就出现红色沉积，而藏南出现在Santonian早期，Exmouth出现在Campanian早期，红层出现似乎有"西早东晚"的趋势。

At this point, the chald cliffs shelve down to the beach.

在这里，白垩质的峭壁渐渐向海滩倾斜。

Flintcomb-Ash being in the middle of the cretaceous tableland over which no railway had climbed as yet, it would be necessary to walk.

燧石山地处白垩质高原的中心，直到现在还没有火车通到这儿，所以她只有靠步行到那儿去。

From late Jurassic-early Cretaceous to late Cretaceous, the magmatic activities decrease and the compositions of magmas change from shoshonitic and rhyolitic to alkaline basaltic.

从晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期到晚白垩世，中国东部岩浆作用明显减弱，岩浆成分从钾玄质和流纹质向碱性玄武质转变。

The second group are the mixtures of Jurassic coal-formed oils and Cretaceous-derived oils. The carbon isotope, n-alkanes and isoprenoids compositions of these oils are similar to core extracts from Jurassic coal measures. However, sterane and terpane compositions of these oils show affinity to Cretaceous source rocks. It is deduced that coal-formed oils dissolved the biomarker-rich Cretaceous bitumen of relatively low thermal maturity, and overprinting occurs during oil migration.

第二类原油具有侏罗系煤系烃源岩与白垩系湖相泥质烃源岩混源的特点，这类原油的碳同位素组成、正构烷烃分布特征和姥植比等均表现出煤成油的特征，但甾、萜烷烃类化合物组成与白垩系烃源岩接近，推测是由于侏罗系煤成油在向上运移成藏过程中，受到成熟度相对较低、生物标志物相对丰富的白垩系烃源岩的浸析作用所致。

Here at the base of the chalk formation he neared the brood that oozed from it.

就在那个白垩质山岗的山根下面，他走近了那条由山根下涌出来的小河流。

Both ranges have chalk escarpments with some quite large hills, and the Chilterns in particular have some very quiet valleys where the Burrow could be hidden.

两个区域都有白垩质的悬崖和一些相当大的山，特别是奇尔滕有一些可以隐藏陋居的非常安静的山谷。

The traveller from the coast, who, after plodding northward for a score of miles over calcareous downs and corn-lands, suddenly reaches the verge of one of these escarpments, is surprised and delighted to behold, extended like a map beneath him, a country differing absolutely from that which he has passed through.

那个从海岸走来的游客，向北面跋涉了二十几英里的路程，才走完白垩质的草原和麦地。他突然走到一处悬崖的山脊上，看见一片田野就像一幅地图铺展在下面，同他刚才走过的地方决然不同、不禁又惊又喜。

The traveller from the coast, who, after plodding northward for a score of miles over calcareous downs and corn-lands, suddenly reaches the verge of one of these escarpments, is surprised and delighted to behold, extended like a map beneath him, a country differing absolutely from that which he has passed through.

从海岸徒步北上的游客，在跋涉了二十多英里路程，越过了白垩质的草原和玉米地之后，突然来到这样一座悬崖边上，发现一种跟他适才走过的地区截然不同的景色像地图一样展现在他面前时，是免不了会惊喜交加的。passed through：经过市镇等此处country指田野fields。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。