白垩纪的

In Late Jurassic period (159-135Ma), when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress was NW direction, the Wuzhangshan granite intruded to upward, accompanied the formation of NW trending Sanrenchang and Huangshuian breccia pipe belts; In the Early Cretaceous period (135-120Ma), when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress was NNW trending, the second stage of Huashan granite intruded to upward, accompanied the formation of NW trending Qiyugou breccia pipe belts; In 120-105 Ma, when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress changed to NE direction, the gold-bearing quartz veins and gold orebodies in breccia pipes were formed along the NE trending fractures; In the Middle Cretaceous period (105-85 Ma), when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress was NEE, the NEE trending Leimengou granite porphyry intruded to upward, accompanied the formation of NEE trending Leimengou breccia pipe belts.

在晚侏罗世(159～135Ma)，构造应力场最大压应力方向为NW向，形成了NW走向的五丈山岩体以及NW向展布三人场、黄水庵两个角砾岩带；在白垩纪早期(135～120Ma)，最大压应力为NNW向，形成了花山岩体第二期上侵，并伴有NW向的祁雨沟角砾岩带；其后(120～100Ma)，构造应力场最大压应力方向变为NE向，形成了NE向含金石英脉及角砾岩体中金矿体；最后(100～80Ma)，形成了雷门沟花岗斑岩以及NEE向展布的雷门沟-杨河沟角砾岩带(区域构造应力场的最大主压应力方向为NEE向)。

The eight major research topics are :①understanding coremantle processes, by deep drilling into a large oceanic plateau in the Western Pacific;②detailed investigation of material circulation during greenhouse Earth, and the transition process from greenhouse to icehouse environments, by drilling Cretaceous to Cenozoic sediments in the Pacific,③understanding the process of continental crust formation by deep drilling into oceanic arc,④Understanding the process of oceanic lithosphere formation by deep drilling of the back arc spreading system,⑤understanding of continentoceanatmosphere linkage, by drilling in the marginal seas and continental slopes of Asia,⑥investigation of the carbon cycle and the deep biosphere in accretionary prisms,⑦investigation of the mechanism and cycles of great earthquakes, tectonics, and mass circulation in convergent plate margins,and ⑧biology of extreme microorganisms living in deep accretionary prism environment.Keywords : Japan IODP Drilling Scientific goals.

其八项研究目标为：①钻探西太平洋洋底高原，认识核—幔作用过程；②钻探太平洋白垩纪—新生代沉积物，详细研究地球温室期间的物质循环及从温室环境到冰室环境的转化过程；③钻探大洋岛弧，认识大陆地壳形成过程；④钻探扩张的弧后，认识洋壳岩石圈形成过程；⑤钻探亚洲边缘海及陆坡，认识陆壳—洋壳—大气圈关系；⑥调查增生楔中的碳循环及深部生物圈；⑦调查汇聚板块边缘大地震周期及形成机制、构造及物质循环；⑧研究生活于增生楔环境中极端微生物生物学。

While the details are controversial, and it now appears that many of the major divisions within the Mammalia had already evolved well before the K/T event, there can be little doubt that mass extinctions must have a significant influence on the tree of life and the avenues it will take.

尽管其细节上还存在争议，同时现在看起来许多哺乳动物的主要分支在白垩纪灭绝事件之前就已经进化得很好，但，毫无疑问的，大灭绝一定对于生命树及其选择的道路产生了重大的影响。

In this process, volcanic activity and increased land surface eroding provide a large number of nutritious elements for ocean. They made a worldwide alimental and anoxic ocean environment.

CO2浓度的升高（为现今的4~10倍）是火山排气作用的直接结果，其&温室效应&也被认为可能是促成白垩纪大气和海水高温的重要原因（高于现在10 ℃）。

An early rift sequence is overlain by a large Late Cretaceous delta, which culminates with the mid-Campanian Rakopi Formation coal measures.

一个早期的裂谷层序上覆有一个较大的晚白垩纪三角洲，后者的顶层则是中坎佩尼阶拉科皮组煤系。

Thanks to a very patient British fossil hunter, the business end of a Pliosaur, including much of the skull and jaw, has been collected from the southern shores of England. What's the big deal?

我们要非常感谢一位英国的化石探险家，他是一位专注于白垩纪时期生物的科学研究者，他在英格兰南方海岸找到了大量的巨型头盖骨和颚，是什么生物，拥有如此大的骸骨？

This research consolidated that evolutionary models using w as an indicator of selective pressure provide valuable approaches for analyzing the adaption of protein-encoding sequences. Moreover, it also indicated that Polypodiaceous ferns responded to the terrestrial ecosystem changes initiated by angiosperms through molecular adaption of functional genes such as rbeL.

这些结果一方面显示了基于ω比值检验DNA编码序列分子适应的有效性，另一方面也提示水龙骨类可借助rbcL等功能基因的适应性进化，应对白垩纪被子植物引发的陆地生态系统改变。

It is inferred that the Cretaceous rhyolitic rocks developed widely in Zhejiang Province probably originated by partial melting of the basement metamorphic rocks. Continuous underplating of basalt resulted in significant increase of introduced mantle-derived materials with time.

推测浙江省广泛发育的白垩纪流纹质火山岩可能是基底变质岩部分熔融形成，由于持续的玄武岩底侵作用，造成幔源物质的加入量显著地随时间增加。

The fossil record of tyrannosauroid theropods is marked by a substantial temporal and morphological gap between small-bodied, Barremian taxa, and extremely large-bodied taxa from the latest Cretaceous.

据悉，雄关龙化石的年代可追溯到白垩纪中期，它可能是&缺失的一环&，能够将我们熟悉的大型霸王龙与其体型较小的祖先联系起来。

In order to deepen understanding in the MQZ at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, this paper summarized three possible occurrences of the global MQZs originated from physical, chemical and structural processes, respectively, located at marginal zones and abyssal zones of the global oceans, mainly Jurassic MQZs both in the Atlantic and the western Pacific, Cretaceous MQZs in the northern Pacific, the Indian and in the Southern. Meanwhile, it is worth attaching importance to mantle plume activities in different scales, small magnetic sources induced by initially fragmented ridge oblique to the continental margin and faint magnetic lineations in those MQZs.

为了加深认识南海北部陆缘磁静区，归纳了全球深海和边缘两大类型磁静区的物理、化学及构造三大成因，主要包括大西洋和西太平洋侏罗纪磁静区，以及北太平洋、印度洋和南大洋白垩纪磁静区，强调磁静区与不同程度地幔柱活动、斜交扩张初始产生的小型错断磁源体及隐含弱磁条带关系的重要性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。