癫痫

During epileptogenesis produced by continuous epileptiform discharges or status epilepticus in different models of epilepsy, i levels were increased. Following the cessation of SE and electrographic seizure activity, i levels remained significantly elevated.

在不同的离体和在体癫痫模型中，均发现持续的癫痫样放电或癫痫持续状态可导致细胞内钙离子的浓度升高，在癫痫持续状态和癫痫样放电活动停止后，细胞内钙离子水平仍持续升高。

Nowadays, as more and more attention are paid to glia, which is considered to play an important role in epileptic pathogenesis,In this study, we chose fluoroacetate, a reversible neuroglia metabolic inhibitor as well as a rodenticide that can induce epileptic seizures, to set up a new epileptic animal model by acting on neuroglia to induce seizures.

目前常用的急性化学致痫模型其致痫机制均是作用于神经元，通过对CNS递质的作用来诱发癫痫。虽然，随着胶质细胞在癫痫的发病机制中的作用日益受到关注，但由于缺乏作用于胶质细胞的癫痫模型，使研究胶质细胞在癫痫发病机制中的作用及其与神经元的关系带来了障碍。

Result: 1、Ethology result:50 rats were injecting convulsive dose kainic acid, showing prodrome such as gaze, wet dog shake in the 0-30 minutes; 1-5 degree epileptic attack in the 30-60minutes; 4-5 degree repteately spontaneous epileptic attack in 60-90 minutes; then status epilepticus,SE-epileptic attack endurance became longer and interval became shorter with bulk salivas and various kinds psychomotor symptoms.

结果：1、行为学结果：SD大鼠(n=50)在注射惊厥剂量(10mg/kg)KA后，0-30min内动物出现凝视，湿狗样抖动(wet dog shake，WDS)等前驱症状；30-60min内动物出现1-5级癫痫发作；60-90min内动物反复自发出现4-5级癫痫发作；其后动物癫痫发作持续时间延长，间隔变短伴有大量唾液分泌，出现各种精神运动症状，呈现SE，SE后10天，用阈下剂量(5mg/kg)KA检测动物对癫痫刺激的敏感性。

But whether the compound composed of them has suppressive effect on absence - like seizures of genetic tremor rats hasnt been reported. Furthermore, the animal models of investigating antiepileptic drugs were mostly induced by chemoconvulant or electrical stimulation. Since genetic factor is more primary in clinical epileptic patients, we used tremor rats fetched in from Japan as experimental animal models. We implanted electrodes in cortical and hippocampus of tremor rats and then recorded the electroencephalograms to observe effects of the traditional Chinese medicinal compound composed of Scolopendra, Bombyx Batryticatus, Uncaria and Arisacma Consanguineum on absence - like seizures in tremor rats.

而且以往多以化学致痫剂或电刺激等方法造模进行抗癫痫药物的研究，但在临床的癫痫患者中遗传因素占有相当大的比例，所以本实验应用了从日本引进的具有遗传性癫痫小发作的震颤大鼠作为实验动物模型，通过在震颤大鼠脑皮质和海马慢性安插电极后进行脑电图的记录，观察以蜈蚣、僵蚕、钩藤、制南星四味药为主的复方中药制剂对震颤大鼠癫痫小发作的抑制作用。

RESULTS Based on the epilepsy typing method and Video-EEG data,54pa-tients（42.2%）were diagnosed for epilepsy syndrome in the128child patients,including25cases of benign epilepsy of children with centrotemporal spikes,3cases of childhood ab-sence epilepsy,1case of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,5cases of frontal lobe epilepsy,13cases of West syndrome and7cases of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.The types of epilepsy seizures in49（38.3%）patients were conformed,including10cases of tonic and/or clonic seizures,33cases of partial seizures,5cases of myoclonic seizures and1cases of atonic seizures.

结果 128例癫痫患儿中有54例（42.2%）进一步确定了癫痫综合征的诊断，其中儿童良性癫痫伴中央-颞区棘波25例，儿童失神癫痫3例，少年肌阵挛癫痫1例，额叶癫痫5例，West综合征13例，Lennox-Gastaut综合征7例；有49例（38.3%）可明确其发作类型，其中强直或阵挛发作10例，部分性发作33例，肌阵挛发作5例，失张力发作1例，另外有25例（19.5%）尚无法分类。

Application of multi-modality medical image fusion technology in the fusion of MR and PET images can improve the accuracy of the localization of epileptogenic foci and provide more accurate diagnostic information for the surgical therapies and three-dimensional orientation radioative treatments.

详细摘要癫痫灶的准确定位是决定癫痫外科疗效的关键步骤。利用多模医学图像融合技术将MR与PET的影像融合能明显地提高癫痫病灶定位诊断的准确率，为癫痫外科手术治疗和立体定向放射外科治疗提供更准确的信息。

To avoid the interference of seizure, the epileptogenesis animal model, i.e animal model before seizure was usd to study epileptogenous mechanism so that the authentic epileptic pathological features could directly been observed.

寻找合适的动物模型是研究的关键，点燃是一种癫痫形成现象，戊四氮(pentylenetetrazol，PTZ)是一种诱导癫痫的急性和慢性点燃模型以研究癫痫的发病机制的中枢神经系统兴奋药，PTZ点燃大鼠已被广泛用作研究癫痫的理想动物模型。

Disorders using International League Against Epilepsy classifications, such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, childhood absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy are increasingly being recognised in Hong Kong.

根据国际抗癫痫联盟的分类命名，诸如 Lennox-Gastaut 综合徵、伴中央颞区棘波的儿童期良性癫痫、儿童失神癫痫及青少年肌阵挛性癫痫等病在香港正逐渐被认识。

Moutains of evidences from laboratary and clinical data show that gene abnormality is the major etiological factor of over 40% patients affected with epilepsy.There were also 6 epilepsy genes been cloned successfully, and mutations of over 1000 genes maybe related to epilepsy. These abnormal genes influence many aspects from molecular level to the neuronal plasticity, such as the development of brain,neuronic degeneration, remodeling of neural circuits, energy metabolism, ion channel and so on.These factors would at last affect the formation of epilepsy focus, propagations of epileptic potentials, vulnerability of epilepsy cells.

大量的实验和临床资料提示基因异常是40%以上癫痫患者的病因，有6种常见全身癫痫的基因已被成功克隆，1000种以上的基因突变可能与癫痫的发作有关，这些表达异常的基因分布在脑发育、神经元变性及神经环路重组、能量代谢、离子通道等多个环节，从分子、细胞、神经元可塑性等多个方面影响着癫痫灶的形成、痫性放电的扩布及癫痫细胞的损伤，构成了癫痫的基因机制。

ResultsIdiopathic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy has distinctive clinical seizure characteristics. The onset age is younger than 20 and the ratio of male cases to female cases is 2 to 1. The most notable clinical characteristics are nocturnal clustered postural or dystonic seizures and complex motor activities, with 14% of the patients have epileptic family history. The interictal routine EEG of 22.9% and active EEG of 28% cases in wakeness and 38% cases in sleep showed frontal lobe epileptiform discharge while the ictal EEG of 66.7% cases showed frontal lobe epileptiform discharge. Drug therapy is effective in 80% cases with 30% completely controlled.

结果 特发性夜间额叶癫痫具有特征性的临床发作特点，大多数于20岁之前起病，男女比例2：1，以夜间成串的偏转性、姿势性强直及过度运动发作为最显著的临床特征。14％有阳性癫痫家族史。22.9％清醒发作间期常规脑电图及28％清醒发作间期动态脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电，38％患者的睡眠发作间期动态脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电，66.7％患者的发作期脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电。80％药物治疗有效，30％可完全控制。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷