瘦果

Scape usually unbranched; involucral bracts 3 or more; pistils and achenes glabrous or pubescent.

花葶通常不分枝；总苞片3或更多；雌蕊和瘦果无毛或短柔毛。

Fruit a utricle, a membranous-walled achene enclosed within persistent sepals, irregularly dehiscent or indehiscent, usually 1-seeded.

果胞果，膜质壁的瘦果内藏在宿存萼片内，不规则开裂或不裂的，通常1种子。

Fruit indehiscent, achenelike silicles, oblong, ovate, elliptic, or oblong-linear, angustiseptate, sessile, sometimes constricted above seed-bearing portion; valves papery, corky and thick winged all around, veinless, glabrous or papillate; replum rudimentary; septum absent; style absent; stigma capitate, entire.

不裂的果，瘦果状短角果，长圆形，卵形，椭圆形，或长圆形线形，，无梗，高于种子有时缢缩着生部分；纸质的裂爿，具翅的木栓质和厚到处，无脉，无毛的或具乳突；假隔膜初步；隔膜无；花柱无；柱头头状，全缘。

Characteristics: Climbing perennial woody vines, stem densely hairy; leaves compound, opposite, consisting of three leaflets or sections, biternate or pinnate, the leaflets 3－9, acuminate at apex, coarsely serrate at margin; inflorescences panicles or cymes, axillary; flowers white to yellowish

形态：多年生攀缘性木质藤本，茎被密毛；叶对生，2回3出叶或羽状复叶，小叶3－9，先端渐锐，叶缘粗锯齿；圆锥或聚繖花序腋生，花白色至淡黄绿色，似花瓣的花萼4片；瘦果聚合，各具毛绒长尾。

Perianth lobes of female flowers usually 4 or 5, much shorter than ovary, or strongly reduced, not corniculate at apex; achene 6-10-ribbed; male inflorescences usually with receptacle, rarely cymose; female inflorescences with discoid receptacle and bract

通常的雌花的花被裂片4或5，远短于子房，或者强烈降低，并非具小角状突起的在先端；瘦果6-10 肋；雄花序通常具花托，很少聚伞状；雌花序具盘状的花托和苞片 9 Elatostema 楼梯草属

Achene enclosed by thin marcescent perianth; pericarp crustaceous and lustrous.

瘦果藏于薄的凋而不落的花被；果皮壳质和有光泽。

Fruit usually a capsule, with pericarp crustaceous, scarious, or papery, dehiscing by teeth or valves 1 or 2 × as many as styles, rarely berrylike with irregular dehiscence or an achene.

果通常蒴果，果皮壳质、干膜质或者纸质，通过齿或者1-2个裂爿开裂，很少浆果状不规则开裂或者为瘦果。

Leaves cuneate at base; achenes ellipsoid, trigonous; styles 3, connate below middle.

叶楔形的在基部；瘦果椭圆体，三棱；花柱3，合生的中间以下。

Leaf blade ovate to suborbicular, apex obtuse, shortly acuminate, or cuspidate; achene broadly ovoid or subglobose, purplish spots or verrucose.

叶片卵形到近圆形，先端钝，短渐尖，或骤尖；瘦果宽卵形或近球形，略带紫色的点或瘤状。

Achene straight, with crested or U-shaped appendix at apex or along dorsiventral edges, usually verrucose, invested by shorter persistent perianth.

瘦果直，有具脊或者U形附属物在先端或者在背腹边缘，通常多疣，被更窄的宿存花被包围。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。