瘤

Adenoma: from glandular occurred benign mucous gland adenoma mostly polypoidal, glandular organ within the adenoma were nodular, and often coated with the surrounding normal tissue clear boundaries, structure and start glands are very similar, often with a certain degree of secretory function, can secrete serous and mucinous, commonly found in the thyroid, salivary gland, ovarian, breast, etc..

腺瘤：由腺上皮发生的良性肿瘤，粘膜腺的腺瘤多呈息肉状，腺器官内腺瘤呈结节状，且常有包膜，与周围正常组织分界清晰，结构与起始腺体十分相似，常具有一定的分泌功能，能分泌浆液和粘液，常见于甲状腺、涎腺、卵巢、乳腺等处。

Methods:Thirty-seven glioma specimens were classified as astrocytoma(25 cases, including 7 fibrillary cases; 6 protoplasmic cases; 12 anaplasfic cases), and glioblastoma( 12 cases,including 4 GBM cases).

37例人脑胶质瘤标本按WHO分类标准(1990)分为：星形细胞瘤(25例，纤维型7例，原浆型6例，间变型12例)，胶质母细胞瘤(12例，包括GBM4例)。

Experiments were done on four dairy goats fitted with rumen cannulae and fed under different feeding regimes to measure the variations of ciliate protozoal population, pH and Eh in the rumen.

应用4头置有永久性瘤胃瘘管的乳用山羊，进行了三种不同饲养制度下瘤胃纤毛虫种群及pH和Eh变化的测定。结果表明，日粮性质是影响山羊瘤胃纤毛虫种群变化的主要因素。纤毛虫密度以含饲期喂精料加干草最高；精料加青草次之；放牧青草期最低。

The psammoma body mineralization in meningioma is a common type of mineralizationThe analysis of the mineral composition may provide some support information in finding the reason of happening and developing of the diseaseThis paper focuses on the concentric layered structure mineralization in meningiomas, using mineralogical methods, such as HRSEM, ESEM, EDAX, EPMA, HRTEM, XRD and FTIR to systematically investigate the mineral composition, structure and shape of the minerals in psammoma bodies in meningiomasWe have devised a method for preparing the silicon wafer sheet which was used for the ESEM insitu observations and analysisIn this study, we first got the ESEM and HRTEM images of the initial mineralization phase of meningiomasThese images showed that in the early stage of psammoma body mineralization in meningiomas, many mineralized balls composed of octocaphosphate were precipitated on the collagen fibersThese balls continued to grow and aggregate, and were gradually hydrolyzed to become the dahlliteThe continued development of mineralization resulted in the mineralized collagen fibersThe study revealed that the concentric layered structure of the psammoma bodies in meningiomas is formed by the spiral arrangement of the mineralized collagen fibers on which the mineralized grains precipitated.

砂粒体矿化是脑膜瘤中常见的矿化类型，对其形成机理和矿物成分的分析可能会对肿瘤发生、发展的研究提供辅助信息。该研究选取人脑膜瘤中的砂粒体矿化作为研究对象，采用偏光显微镜、环境扫描电镜及能谱、X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜和电子探针对样品的形貌、结构和成分进行测试分析，并以此为依据探讨脑膜瘤中砂粒体的形成机理。研究结果表明矿化的初期为沉淀在胶原纤维上的矿化小球，成分为磷酸八钙；矿化小球不断生长聚集，并逐步水解为碳羟磷灰石晶体，矿化的不断发展致使胶原纤维也发生矿化。砂粒体的同心层状构造是由螺旋状排列的矿化胶原纤维及沉淀在其上的矿化颗粒组成的集合体，而不是多数研究中所述：砂粒体是以坏死细胞残骸为中心由内至外的同心层沉淀。

Objectives: To study the relationship between matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors and the invasion and metastasis of human glioma, as well as the relationship between the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in human primary and recrudescent glioma and the grade of malignancy.

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶类与胶质细胞瘤浸润性生长之间的关系及其在胶质瘤复发中的作用，以及基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制因子(MMP-2、TIMP-2)的阳性表达与胶质细胞瘤病理分级及预后的关系。

To establish the replantable models of tumon cell line S 180 and EAC using BALB/c mice respectively.

应用小鼠S1 80 肉瘤，小鼠EAC腹水瘤实体型两种瘤株，进行BALB c小鼠移植瘤模型的研究。

Malignant meningioma or rhabdoid meningioma may have similar histopathology, but the immunohistochemical staining pattern shown is not consistent with any antibody commonly used for meningioma.

恶性脑膜瘤或横纹肌样脑膜瘤也可能出现相似的组织病理学改变，但该例显示的免疫组化染色模式不同于任何一种常用于脑膜瘤诊断的抗体。

RM has special morphological characteristics; it should be differentiated from gemis tocytic astrocytoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and malignant melanocytoma.

RM有特殊的组织学特点，应注意与胖细胞型星形细胞瘤、非典型畸胎样瘤/横纹肌样瘤、恶性黑色素瘤等鉴别。

Results The supratentorial lesions involved the occipital lobe in 4, frontal lobe in 3, fronto-occipital lobe in 2, temporo-occipital lobe in 3, lateral ventricle in 1 case and the saddle region in 1. All the lesions were large in volume and most of them presented heterogeneous signals in MRI. Of the 14 cases, 12 showed cystic degeneration and necrosis, 2 had hemorrhage and 6 showed signs of emptied small blood vessels. Twelve cases had heterogeneous enhancement and 2 had moderate enhancement. Pathologically, 10 cases of neuroblastomas were identified, along with 3 ganglioneuroblastomas and 1 atypical rhabdoid tumor.

结果 病灶位于顶叶4例，额叶3例，枕顶叶2例，颞枕叶3例，侧脑室1例，鞍区1例，病灶普遍较大，病灶绝大多数信号不均匀，病灶内可见囊变／坏死（12例）、出血（2例）、流空小血管影（6例），增强后病灶呈明显不均匀强化（12例），中等强化2例；神经母细胞瘤10例，节细胞神经母细胞瘤3例，非典型横纹肌样瘤1例。

A cerebellar tumor like this, occurring in a 21 year old, generates a list of differential diagnosis that includes medulloblastoma (anaplastic or large cell variant), atyical rhabdoid/teratoid tumor, and less likely, choroid plexus carcinoma and metastasis.

发生于21岁男性小脑类似这样的病变，需要跟多种肿瘤鉴别，包括髓母细胞瘤，不典型畸胎瘤样/横纹肌样瘤，脉络丛癌以及转移性肿瘤等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。