瘤

Results The tumors were divided into three types according to the CT findings. Type I: regular, homogeneous density and well-defined,there were 30 patients, included benign mixed tumor(n=29) and adenolymphomas(n=1); Type II:irregular, heterogeneous dentsity, poordefined, there were 15 patients, included benign mixed tumor(n=7), malignant mixed tumor (n=2),adenolymphomas(n=3), hemagioma(n=2),mucoepidermoid carcinoma(n=1). Type III: irregular and could not definded, there were 7 patients, included malignant mixed tumor(n=2), mucoepidermoid carcinoma(n=2), adenoid cystic carcinoma(n=1), malignant lymphoma(n=1), acinic cell carcinoma(n=1). Conclusion CT have important values in location and qualitative analyses of parotid gland.

结果 肿瘤按CT表现分三类：52例患者中，I类30例，形态规则呈类圆形，密度均匀，边缘清楚，除1例腺淋巴瘤外，29例均为良性混合瘤；II类15例，形态不规则，呈分叶状，密度欠均，边界较清或模糊，其中7例良性混合瘤，2例恶性混合瘤，3例腺淋巴瘤，2例血管瘤，1例黏液表皮样癌；III类7例，形态不规则，边缘无法确定，其中恶性混合瘤2例，黏液表皮样癌2例，囊腺癌1例，恶性淋巴瘤1例，腺泡细胞癌1例。

Methods Nineteen specimens of pituitary adenomas were collected immediately after transsphenoidal surgery, including 5 prolactinomas, 6 GH-secreting adenomas, 4 adrenocorticotropic hormone adenomas and 4 other types of adenoma.

收集19例垂体瘤标本，其中泌乳素腺瘤5例、生长激素腺瘤6例、促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤4例、其他4例。

There are close relationship among hemangiopericytoma, solitary fibrous tumor, lipomatous hemangiopericytoma and giant cell angiofibroma.

肌外皮细胞瘤、血管球外皮细胞瘤和成人的婴儿型肌纤维瘤病也属于血管外皮细胞瘤。

Results Among all 25 cases of lymphangioma,Within 20 cases of cystic lymphangioma,single cyst was showed in 14 cases and multilocular cyst was showed in 6 cases in plain scan,and little enhancement of capsule wall and septal in 8 cases in enhancement scanning. Cystic-solid mass was showed in 4 cases of cavernoma lymphangioma in plain scan,and solid part of mass was enhanced obviously in enhancement scanning.1 capillary ymphangioma showed the skin and hypodermic thicking,and part of area showed little beehive-like feature. Enhancement scanning showed slight irregularity enhancement.

结果 25例淋巴管瘤中20例囊性淋巴管瘤，CT平扫14例表现为单一囊肿，6例表现为多房性囊肿，囊腔内见有分隔；增强扫描8例出现囊壁或间隔的轻微强化。4例海绵状淋巴管瘤平扫均表现为囊实性肿块，增强检查实性部分有明显分期增强；1例毛细管型淋巴管瘤表现为局部皮肤及皮下组织的增厚，部分区域见有小蜂房样表现，增强扫描见有轻度不规则强化。

Results The etiology of exophthalmos in children includes two aspects:（1）the outside of ocular diseases,mainly including Langerhans cell histiocytosis,chloroma,neuroblastoma etc.（2）ocu-lar diseases,mainly including retioblastoma,rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit,glioma of optic nerve and angioma of the orbit and so on.

结果 提示小儿突眼病因主要包括两方面：（1）眼外疾患，主要包括有郎格罕组织细胞增生症、绿色瘤、神经母细胞瘤等；（2）眼部疾患，主要包括视网膜母细胞瘤、眶横纹肌肉瘤、视神经胶质瘤、眶内血管瘤等。

In this study, immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against D2-40, S100, pankeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, brachyury, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 4 cases of chordoid glioma, 6 skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 10 chordoid meningiomas, 16 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, 18 chordomas, 22 low-grade chondrosarcomas, and 27 enchondromas.

本研究中，我们给4例脊索样胶质瘤、6例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、10脊索样脑膜瘤、16例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、18例脊索瘤、22例低级别软骨肉瘤和27例内生性软骨瘤做了D2-40、S100、pankeratin、上皮膜抗原、brachyury和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫组化染色。

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

The fundamental imaging features of osteosarcoma were showed bone destruction, periosteal reaction, neoplastic bone and soft-tissue mass. Among 49 cases examined by radiography, osteoblastic pattern sarcoma was found in 19 cases, osteolytic pattern sarcoma was found in 13 cases and mixed pattern sarcoma was found in 17 cases. The detection rates of bone destruction, periosteal reaction, soft-tissue mass, neoplastic bone and Codman triangle by radiography were respectively 61.2%, 95.9%, 71.4%, 73.5%and 27.7%. All 10 cases with CT scan were showed bone destruction, soft - tissue mass and neoplastic bone. The detection rates of periosteal reaction,憇ieve sign挶 and Codman triangle with CT scan were respectively 90%, 90% and 11%. The tiny neoplastic bone and"sieve sign"were showed sensitively by CT, but Codman triangle was showed by radiography superior to CT.32 cases with MRI scan presented the normal marrow was replaced by the tumor, which was showed low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and promiscuity signal intensity on T2-weighted images. 7 cases presented hemorrhage and 24 cases presented necrosis.

骨肉瘤基本影像表现为骨质破坏、骨膜反应、瘤骨和软组织肿块。49例X线表现为成骨型19例，溶骨型13例，混合型17例；X线对骨质破坏、骨膜反应、软组织肿块、瘤骨和Codman三角的检出率分别为61.2%、95.9%、71.4%、73.5%和27.7%；10例CT表现均可见骨质破坏、软组织肿块及瘤骨，CT对骨膜反应、筛孔征和Codman三角的检出率为90%、90%和11%；CT对显示细小肿瘤骨和筛孔征最敏感，但对Codman三角的显示不如X线平片；32例MRI表现为骨髓腔内正常的骨髓高信号被肿瘤信号所取代，T1WI呈低～等信号，T2WI呈混杂信号，7例合并出血，24例中央坏死囊变，32例增强扫描均呈不均匀强化及瘤周可见水肿区。

Astrocytoma 45 cases, oligodendroglioma 21 cases, colloid female cytoma 25 cases, mixed gliomas 9 cases.

其中星形细胞瘤45例，少突胶质细胞瘤21例，胶质母细胞瘤25例，混合型胶质瘤9例。

Astrocytoma 45 cases, oligodendroglioma 21 cases, colloid female cytoma 25 cases, mix ed gliomas 9 cases.

其中星形细胞瘤45例，少突胶质细胞瘤21例，胶质母细胞瘤25例，混合型胶质瘤9例。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了