瘘管

In order to obtain the purpose of directional incision,the different incisional velocity and distance should be gained by means of changing elastic stress arca to cause pressure difference between the sides of anal canal and fistula.Finally its effect was compared with traditional ligation's.

使挂线按照手术者设定的方向缓慢切割、引流，即通过改变肛管与瘘管两侧橡皮筋的压力面积来产生压强差，导致不同的切割速度和距离以达到定向切割目的；并将效果与传统挂线做比较。

In order to obtain the purpose of directional incision,the different incisional velocity and distance should be gained by means of changing elastic stress arca to cause pressure difference between the sides of anal canal and fistula.

使挂线按照手术者设定的方向缓慢切割、引流，即通过改变肛管与瘘管两侧橡皮筋的压力面积来产生压强差，导致不同的切割速度和距离以达到定向切割目的；并将效果与传统挂线做比较。

Nine sheep with permanent cannular were randomly divided into three groups, and the roughage quality was evaluated by Grading Index of roughage. Three kinds of roughages were used in the trial diets which had the same ratio of roughage to concentrate of 8∶2 to adjust the different roughage qualities. Three qualities of diets included? higher quality roughage (GI=2.89 MJ), middle quality roughage (GI=1.73 MJ) and lower quality roughage (GI=0.65 MJ),?

试验将带有永久瘤胃瘘管的9只绵羊随机分成3组，以粗饲料分级指数GI为指标对粗饲料品质进行划分，在精粗比为2：8条件下配制3种混合日粮，形成含高GI粗饲料日粮组（H组，粗料GI值＝2.89）、含中GI粗饲料日粮组(M组，粗料GI值＝1.73)和含低GI粗饲料日粮组(L组，粗料GI值＝0.65)。

Four steers weighted 420,aged 2.5 ~ 3,fitted with permanent cannulate in the rumen,were used in 4×4 Latin square design experiment to determine the effect of different selenium sources(natrium selenite and rumen by-pass selenium) and concentration (0、 0.3 、 0.6、 0.9mg/kg) on nutrients metabolism in rumen.

选用4头体重420kg±20kg，装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的2.5～3岁阉牛，按4×4拉丁方设计，在1.3倍维持需要下，喂以3kg混合精料和6kg玉米秸秆，研究日粮中添加不同硒源不同水平(0mg/kg、0.3mg/kg、0.6mg/kg、0.9mg/kg)对瘤胃营养物质代谢的影响。

objective: to investigate diagnosis and treatment choice of detrusor hypoactivity with impaired contractile function on voiding function in benign prostatic hyperplasia.methods:the clinical date of 48 bph patients with dhic were analyzed,including clinical diagnosis,urodynamic parameters,treatment and follow-ups.results:37 patients with detrusor instability and over 40 cmh2o bladder pressure were treated successfully by turp.the time of indwelling suprapubic punctural cystostomy cathter was(1~8)weeks.11cases without di and under 40 cmh2o bladder pressure were treated by suprapubic punctural cystostomy,accepted the test of urodynamics after(1~3)months.7 cases with di were treated successfully by turp,4 cases without di were indwelled suprapubic punctural cystostomy cathter all life.conclusion:dhic worsens the voiding function of the patients with bph,and the test of urodynamic is helpful to diagnose and could provide more convinced evidences for treatment of patients.

分析膀胱过度充盈所致逼尿肌损伤，引起膀胱逼尿肌收缩无力良性前列腺增生48例患者的临床资料，包括诊断，尿动力学检查，治疗及随访结果。结果：37例经尿流动力学检查，诱发存在逼尿肌不稳定，伴膀胱内压达40 cmh2o以上，采取turp，术后留置膀胱造瘘管（1~8）周后全部拔除，排尿通畅。11膀胱内压始终未达到40 cmh2o，且在膀胱注水充盈过程中无逼尿肌不稳定出现，行膀胱造瘘后出院，（1~3）个月后经尿动力学检查复查膀胱逼尿肌收缩力，其中7例膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能有恢复，行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术治愈；剩余4例膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能几乎无任何改善。长期留置膀胱造瘘治疗。结论：良性前列腺增生导致膀胱过度充盈所致逼尿肌损伤，引起膀胱逼尿肌收缩无力患者，术前应用尿流动力学检查对膀胱逼尿肌损伤程度进行认真分析，可进行有针对性的治疗。

The operation of complex high anal fistula was difficult, the doctor should grasp the deal method of endostoma and syringeal, choose the suitable modus operandi, deal well with post processing of operation, and only by this way theycan improve cure rate.

高位复杂性肛瘘处理难度大，临床医师需掌握内口及瘘管的处理方法，采用合适的手术方式并积极做好术后处理，能有效提高治愈率。

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of microsurgical treatment of preauricular fistular.

目的：探讨先天性耳前瘘管显微手术切除的治疗效果和优点。

Three rumen fistulated Holstein cows were used in a 3×3 Latin square experimental design to determine the rumen degradabihty of NDF and ADF of corn silage at premilk stage, milk stage and dough stage and the effect of diets on rumen environment of cows.

用3头装有永久性瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛，采用3×3拉丁方设计对蜡熟期、乳熟期和乳熟前期的玉米青贮的NDF和ADF进行了瘤胃降解率及其日粮对瘤胃发酵内环境的影响进行了研究。

Skin stimulation test and implantation in vivo found no abscess and fistule formation. Histological section showed there was moderate inflammatory reaction of forign object exciation at the early stage of implantation. At the intermediate stage, inflammatory cells decreased, mainly including lymphocytes, and there was little inflammatory reaction and antigen reaction. Meanwhile, SIS degraded sequently. At 12 weeks, SIS was almost completely degraded and absorbed.

皮肤刺激试验和体内植入研究发现，无脓肿及瘘管形成，组织切片发现SIS植入后组织反应在早期呈现出异物刺激引起轻中度炎性反应，中期时炎症细胞减少，以淋巴细胞为主，炎症反应和抗原反应都较小，同时进行程序性的降解。12周时SIS几乎完全降解吸收。

Infliximab, a chimeric IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, has been effective in the treatment of enteric as well as fistulous complications of Crohn's disease.

目前已经证实，英夫利昔单抗（一种抗TNF-α的嵌合IgG1κ单克隆抗体）用于克罗恩病肠道并发症的治疗，与其治疗克罗恩病瘘管并发症一样有效。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。