瘘的

Methods Using Seldinger technique method,guide Magic-BD micro-catheter with Balt detachedable rubber ball to the fistulas level,when verified the ball inside the fistula of carotid-cavernous sinus but outside the carotid artery,filled the ball fully enough with iodine material until the abnormal noise disappear and release the ball remained the internal carotid artery patent.

采用Seldinger法插入导管鞘后，用带Balt可脱球囊的magic-BD导管透视下经导引管送达瘘口水平，当球囊突然"低头"或改变方向时，表示球囊已通过瘘口，进入海绵窦。以等渗造影剂交换气体后充盈球囊至杂音消失，造影证实瘘闭塞完全，并保持颈动脉通畅。

Palatal fistulae were repaired by this method, 4 pedicled superior-anteriorly and 14 pedicled posteriorly, 7 of which got velopharyngeal incompetence correction at the same time. Results All of the patients got satisfactory fistula closure except 3 complications. One flap got partly necrosis and two got fistulae at the hard palate. However, the fistula sizes were reduced greatly and one has been re-repaired well by the transferred buccinator musculomucosal flap one year later.

结果：共修复腭瘘患者18例；其中15例腭部瘘孔获得关闭，颊肌黏膜瓣成活良好，无感染、腮腺导管损伤或阻塞、面神经损伤，无张口受限、瘢痕挛缩及咀嚼障碍；2例因岛状颊肌粘膜瓣远端愈合不良再次出现硬腭前端瘘口，但面积较原来明显减小，其中1例再发腭瘘应用已转移到腭部的颊肌粘膜瓣组织行二次手术修复后愈合；1例岛状颊肌粘膜瓣部分坏死。

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

Methods The clinical data of 42 cases were analysised by retrospective study.15 cases were put double pigtail stents via cystoscope and 3 cases via percutaneous nephrostomy,22 cases were performed one step's percutaneous nephrostomy and 2 cases pyelostomy. Results The patients were followed - up for 3 - 26 months .

回顾性分析42例恶性肿瘤并发输尿管梗阻的临床资料。15例患者成功逆行放置双猪尾导管，22例首选一步法经皮肾穿刺造瘘术，3例实施肾造瘘加顺行双猪尾导管置入术，2例行开发性肾盂造瘘术。

Hyponome in rectum helps to show the institutional framework around the focus and improve the image to study contrast ratio.

应用直肠腔内水囊结合相控阵线圈的MRI检查方法，能准确定位复杂性肛瘘的内口、瘘管的走向及其与肛管直肠括约肌复合体之间的复杂关系，有利于显示病灶周围组织结构和提高影像学对比度。

Based on John Morris's study, 3 cases were gradel, 6 cases were grade 2, 3 cases were grade 3, 2 cases were grade 4, and 1 case was grade 5. Only 2 cases had a perianal abscess.

根据John Morris等的分类方法，15例患者中，l级肛瘘3例，2级肛瘘6例，3级肛瘘3例，4级肛瘘2例，5级肛瘘1例，其中2例为单纯肛周脓肿。

Three, congenital anorectal atresia: This is because of bad or abnormal embryonic development due to congenital diseases, children with anal atresia completely, and some combined vestibular rectal fistula, rectal-perineal fistula or rectovaginal fistula, boys still rectal fistula and other bladder deformity.

三、先天性肛门直肠闭锁：这是由于胚胎发育不良或异常所致的先天性疾病，患儿肛门完全闭锁，有的合并直肠前庭瘘、直肠会阴瘘或直肠阴道瘘，男孩还有直肠膀胱瘘等畸形。

NEW YORK Jul 27 - Women exposed in utero to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol which was used until the mid-1970s for miscarriage preention, appear to be at increased risk of haing children with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, Dutch and US researchers report in the July issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

纽约7月27日- Dutch和美国的研究人员在《美国妇产科学杂志》7月刊上报告称，女性服用70年代中期前一直用于预防流产的合成雌激素乙烯雌酚，会增加胎儿食管闭锁和气管食管瘘的风险。

According to the principles of classification of urethral damages, the urinary fistulae after kidney transplantation was classified in terms of the cause, location and extent of them.

文章根据尿道损伤疾病分类的原理，将肾移植后尿瘘分别按照尿瘘病因、尿瘘部位、病变程度等进行分类；讨论了肾移植后尿瘘经久不愈的原因以及诊断时应注意的几个问题。

According to the principles of classification of urethral damages, the urinary fistulae after kidney transplantation was classified in terms of the cause, location and extent of them. Moreover, why it was difficult to cure urinary fistulae was discussed, and the key points in the diagnosis were illuminated.

文章根据尿道损伤疾病分类的原理，将肾移植后尿瘘分别按照尿瘘病因、尿瘘部位、病变程度等进行分类；讨论了肾移植后尿瘘经久不愈的原因以及诊断时应注意的几个问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。