瘘

Objective To investigate the cause of native arterio-venous fistula aneurysm and prevention measures. Methods There were 7 cases with snuff-box arteriovenous fistula and 53 cases with brachiocephalic fistulas. Among them, 14 patients had to made second fistulas in the same arm .Spring tape around the arm was used to stop bleeding after dialysis.

目的 研究血液透析患者动静脉内瘘动脉瘤形成的原因及预防措施方法选取我科透析患者60例，其中鼻咽窝7例，左右臂内瘘53例（第二次同侧手臂手术14例）；穿刺方法绳梯式穿刺和局域穿刺；止血方法主要采用弹力绷带压迫法。

Objective:To explore the etiology and treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with cholecystocolonic fistula or cholecystoduodenal fistula.

目的：探讨胆囊结石合并胆囊结肠瘘或胆囊十二指肠瘘的原因及腹腔镜手术治疗。

Objective To evaluate the effect of treatment for chylous fistulas after thyroid carcinoma radical correction , as a means of reasonable option of therapeutic measures.

目的 回顾性分析我院1992年8月～2008年8月甲状腺癌联合根治术后18例乳糜瘘的临床资料，评价乳糜瘘的治疗效果，以便合理地选择治疗方案。

objective: to investigate diagnosis and treatment choice of detrusor hypoactivity with impaired contractile function on voiding function in benign prostatic hyperplasia.methods:the clinical date of 48 bph patients with dhic were analyzed,including clinical diagnosis,urodynamic parameters,treatment and follow-ups.results:37 patients with detrusor instability and over 40 cmh2o bladder pressure were treated successfully by turp.the time of indwelling suprapubic punctural cystostomy cathter was(1~8)weeks.11cases without di and under 40 cmh2o bladder pressure were treated by suprapubic punctural cystostomy,accepted the test of urodynamics after(1~3)months.7 cases with di were treated successfully by turp,4 cases without di were indwelled suprapubic punctural cystostomy cathter all life.conclusion:dhic worsens the voiding function of the patients with bph,and the test of urodynamic is helpful to diagnose and could provide more convinced evidences for treatment of patients.

分析膀胱过度充盈所致逼尿肌损伤，引起膀胱逼尿肌收缩无力良性前列腺增生48例患者的临床资料，包括诊断，尿动力学检查，治疗及随访结果。结果：37例经尿流动力学检查，诱发存在逼尿肌不稳定，伴膀胱内压达40 cmh2o以上，采取turp，术后留置膀胱造瘘管（1~8）周后全部拔除，排尿通畅。11膀胱内压始终未达到40 cmh2o，且在膀胱注水充盈过程中无逼尿肌不稳定出现，行膀胱造瘘后出院，（1~3）个月后经尿动力学检查复查膀胱逼尿肌收缩力，其中7例膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能有恢复，行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术治愈；剩余4例膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能几乎无任何改善。长期留置膀胱造瘘治疗。结论：良性前列腺增生导致膀胱过度充盈所致逼尿肌损伤，引起膀胱逼尿肌收缩无力患者，术前应用尿流动力学检查对膀胱逼尿肌损伤程度进行认真分析，可进行有针对性的治疗。

Ascites has been reported after kidney transplantation due to rejection, decapsulation of the graft, urinary or vascular leak, lymphocele, transudation, or infection.

肾移植后腹水的原因可能有排斥反应、移植肾包膜的剥脱、尿瘘或脉管瘘、淋巴囊肿、渗出物或感染。

most endothoracic anastomotic fistula happens 3～13 days after esophagogastrostomy with critical conditions, timely diagnosis and proper treatment including operation can shorten the disease course and greatly decrease the mortality.

食管、贲门癌术后胸内吻合口瘘多发生在术后3～13d，病情多较危重，及时发现并妥善处理包括积极手术介入可明显缩短病程，显著降低吻合口瘘的死亡率。

Transverse scan obtained following enteroclysis demonstrates ileoileal and ileosigmoidal fistulae.

图8 为一位37岁女性回结肠克罗恩病的CT图像，灌肠后横轴位CT图像显示回肠0-回肠瘘及回肠-乙状结肠瘘。

BACKGROUND ＆ OBJECTIVE: A special kind of fistula will be formed when cervical gastroesophageal anastomotic fistula occurs and its contents contaminate mediastinum or pleural cavity after esophagogastrostomy. The diagnosis and treatment are difficult to made. It is very dangerous if the treatment is incorrect.

背景与目的：食管癌术后胃食管颈部吻合口内瘘入纵隔、胸腔时形成特殊类型的吻合口瘘，诊治均较困难，处理不当则易危及生命。

Most cervical anastomotic fistulas happen 1-13 days after esophagogastrostomy with critical conditions; timely diagnosis and proper treatment including operation could shorten the disease course and greatly decrease the mortality.

食管癌术后胃食管颈部吻合口内瘘多发生在术后1~13天，病情多较危重，及时发现并妥善处理包括积极手术介入可明显缩短病程，显著降低吻合口内瘘死亡率。

The recurrence rate was higher in arteria trachealis-pulmonary vein/artery shunt, and there was no significant difference in volume of haemorrhagia.

有支气管动脉肺静脉瘘或支气管动脉肺动脉瘘患者复发率较高，出血量与复发原因无显著性差异。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。