瘘

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

For the pregnant women complicating with upper urinary tract calculi, ultrasound is the preliminary consideration. The percutaneous nephrostomy,urteroscopy,and even the double J stents inserting were safety choices.

妊娠期上尿路结石的诊断首选超声检查，治疗以保守治疗为主，外科治疗包括输尿管置管、经皮肾造瘘及输尿管镜腔内治疗。

Antegrade urography via percutaneous needle or tube nephrostomy is of particular value when the obstructed kidney fails to excrete the radiopaque material on excretory urography. This procedure allows application of the Whitaker test, during which fluid is introduced into the renal pelvis at varying rates.

顺行时尿路造影：当阻塞的肾脏在排泄性尿路中造影剂不能排泄时，使用经皮针或者说导管行肾造瘘特别有价值，这种操作可施行Whitaker试验，在试验期间液体可以不同程度注入肾盂。

Antegrade urography via percutaneous needle or tube nephrostomy is of particular value when the o tructed kidney fails to excrete the radiopaque material on excretory urography. This procedure allows a lication of the Whitaker test, during which fluid is introduced into the renal pelvis at varying rates.

顺行时尿路造影：当阻塞的肾脏在排泄性尿路中造影剂不能排泄时，使用经皮针或者说导管行肾造瘘特别有价值，这种操作可施行Whitaker试验，在试验期间液体可以不同程度注入肾盂。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

结果 经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

目的 探讨ESWL治疗泌尿系结石的效果。方法回顾性分析经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人。结果经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

The complicated ureter stone-streets were cured by trascutaˉneous nephrocentesis and nephrostomy through ureterocystoscope,haemostatic and antibiotic.The12patients hadn't variation of nephrofunction and recurrence of stone for following3-24months.

经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石，止血，抗炎等治疗后，排尽石头，随访3 月～2年未见肾功能改变和结石复发。

Once the infection occurs, the nonabsorbable material does not need to be carried out. But the nonabsorbable material is forbidden to place in the abdominal cavity and contact with viscera, because of the severe adhesion occuring between the material and the viscera, resulting in digestive tract obstruction and even intestinal fistula.

不可吸收材料也有较好的抗感染作用，一旦感染，不必将材料取出，但不能放入腹腔与内脏接触，因为若在腹腔内可与组织产生严重的粘连、消化道梗阻甚至肠瘘。

Results Among the patients,64 cases cured with nonsurgical treatment, 3 with the nonsurgical treatment for 5 ～ 7 d treated with surgery,2 patients were cured and 1 death.

结果 有64例经非手术治疗治愈；3例经非手术治疗5～7 d后中转手术，2例治愈，1例发生肠瘘后死亡。

Methods: To analyze retrospectively 9 patients with stage C and stage D1 prostate cancer. All patients accepted the combined treatment of ~(125)I seeds intraoperative implantation, bitateral orchidectomy, and Flutaminde (250 mg every 8 hours) in this hospital.

对9例处于C期或D期的前列腺癌患者，经膀胱前列腺内植入~(125)I粒子，种植后行膀胱造瘘、双侧睾丸切除术并口服氟他胺250mg；观察患者症状、血象变化、肝功、B超或MRI扫描测定前列腺大小，每三个月观察PSA值变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。