瘘

The combinative treatments of transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrosˉtomy and ureterolithotomy through ureterocystoscope is effective,once ureter stone-street happensafter ESWL-treatˉment.

肾内铸型结石不适合用ESWL治疗；采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石等综合治疗输尿管石街的方法是有效的。

ESWL isn't applicable for the patient with kidney casting mold-stone.The combinative treatments of transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrosˉtomy and ureterolithotomy through ureterocystoscope is effective,once ureter stone-street happensafter ESWL-treatˉment.

肾内铸型结石不适合用ESWL治疗；采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石等综合治疗输尿管石街的方法是有效的。

Four kinds of approaches are benefit to these malignant tumor patients, one step's percutaneous nephrostomy is especially safe and effective.

4种引流方法对恶性肿瘤患者的肾功能恢复均有积极作用，尤其是一步法经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流更有临床实用价值。

Objective To analyze the complications of percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade ureteral Double-J cathater insertion.

目的 探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘及双J管置入术并发症产生原因及防治措施。

Key words］ percutaneous nephrostomy;ureteroscope;urinary stones

关键词］经皮肾穿刺造瘘术；输尿管镜；尿路结石

Percutaneous nephrostomy guided by Ultrasound and C-arm mobile fluoroscopy is a safe procedure and preoperative analyzing the high risk factors of complications and preparing the preservation methods may sublimate the security and therapeutic efficacy.

熟悉肾造瘘和输尿管内双J管置入术的操作程序，术前综合评估并发症产生的危险因素，并积极防范处理，可有效提高手术安全性和治疗效果。

The pathogical changes and the clinical results of the involved kidneys in this studY lead the authors to believe that primary nephrectomy would be much preferable than preliminary nephrostomy in those pateints.

根据脓肾造瘘后患肾的转归和病理学改变，作者认为对于单侧上尿路结石并脓肾患者的治疗，一期切除病肾应作为首选。

Urinary fistulas occur very rarely, and can be resolved with conservative management or endoscopic procedures such as the insertion of a nephrostomy tube or double J catheters.

另一个并发症是尿瘘，但很罕见，通过保守治疗或腔内治疗即可解决，如置放肾造瘘管或D-J管。

Materials and Methods 247 cases treated with percutaneous nephrostomy guided by Ultrosound and C-arm mobile fluroscopy were retrospectively investigated from January 2007 to April 2008 and the causes of complications and suitable treatments were analyzed.

材料与方法回顾性总结2007年1月至2008年4月，采用超声联合C臂血管机透视导向，对247例肾积水患者行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术，部分病例术中置入双J管，分析相关并发症的发病情况及其防治措施。

Methods: From February 2002 to June 2006, 27 patients with upper urinary obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis post-treatment of tumor, under went procedures including retrograde ureteral catheterization, intraluminal ureterotomy and/or balloon dilation, and percutaneous nephrostomy. The efficacy and major complications were summarized.

收集本院2002年l月至2006年6月的27例恶性肿瘤经治疗后发现腹膜后纤维化导致上尿路梗阻的患者，分别接受了经尿道逆行输尿管插管、输尿管狭窄内切开和／或扩张及经皮肾造瘘治疗，总结其疗效和主要并发症。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。