瘘

There was no pancreatic fistula happened after operation, there was no infection of abdominal cavity or dehiscence of incision.

存活者术后均无胰瘘的发生，也无腹腔内感染和切口裂开。

From this surgery, it was known that there was a leak in the recta and the dejecta was leaked to abdomen probably from the place where the stapler was used.

从第二次手术得知，病人是多发性肠间脓肿引起的感染性休克，怀疑造成感染的原因是直肠手术发生吻合口瘘（因直肠有漏洞造成粪便漏到腹腔而引起感染）。

The emergency therapeutic principle of esophageal perforation are blocking esophageal disrupture, antiinfection and nutritional support.

食管破裂穿孔急诊处理原则是闭合瘘口、控制感染、营养支持，其治疗方式根据食管穿孔时间、原因、部位、纵隔及胸腔感染等具体情况选择合理、有效、个体化的治疗方式。

Parotid gland ; parotid duct ; injury ; salivary fistula

腮腺；腮腺导管；损伤；涎腺瘘

Concluˉsion Dura mater is likely to be a preferable allograft material for repairing alimentary tract fistula and skin defect.

同种异体硬脑膜对消化道外瘘及皮肤缺损的治疗是种较为理想的材料。

Emergency operation were performed on 21 patients,including embolectomy on 9 cases, embolectomy and intestinal resection on 8 cases, intestinal resection and anastomosis on 3 cases, intestinal resection and enterostomy on 1 case.,expectant treatment on 6 cases.

急诊行手术治疗21例，其中单纯行肠系膜上动脉取栓术9例，肠系膜上动脉切开取栓加肠切除吻合术8例，单纯肠切除吻合术3例，肠切除加肠造瘘术1例。保守治疗6例。

Results All cases underwent repair of aortoenteric fistulas and partial enterectomy after aortic occlusion under general anesthesia.

结果 6例均在全身麻醉下剖腹探查，术中见均为腹主动脉－小肠瘘所致肠出血。

Results The enterectomy and enteroanastomosis was conducted to all patients. After surgery, incisional wound in one patient infected and one patient troubled with stoma fistula.

结果 本组病例全部行一期肠切除肠吻合术，术后切口感染1例，吻合口瘘1例，肺部感染1例，无手术死亡病例。

MethodsOf 47 rat OLTs, 20 were per-formed with conventional two-cuff technique, 27 were combined with external bile drain-age and enterostomy. In the experimental group,a self-made connector was used to rebuid in vitro bile flow bypass, and all rats were placed in self-made restraining cages for bile collection.

47例大鼠原位肝移植，其中27例采用改进术式：在传统肝移植胆道外引流的基础上，加行空肠造瘘，并在体外建立胆汁回流通路，术后通过自制的限制性大鼠笼固定大鼠以便采集胆汁；其余20例仅单纯行肝移植术。

2The anterior cutereous branches of the obturator artery penetrate deepfascia of thigh and epimysium of the adductor muscles closing against the lower rami of pubisor at its outer margin.Pudendal-thigh skin flap pedicled on it may be elevated to repairrectovaginal fistula or small skin defects of perineum.As its piercing point is much higher andthe location of pedicle is more fixed because of restriction of pubic rami,it is not suited toreconstruct new vagina.Moreover,it is not appropriate naming the obturator aretry(or themedial femoral circumflex artery)the pudendal-thigh artery.

闭孔动脉前皮支紧邻耻骨下支或于其外侧缘，穿大腿深筋膜和内收肌肌膜浅出，以之为蒂可以形成皮下蒂阴股沟岛状皮瓣，用于阴道直肠瘘或会阴部较小皮肤缺损的修复，但由于闭孔动静脉前皮支浅出点位置较高，并且由于耻骨下支的阻挡和限制，致使血管蒂的位置较为固定，以之为蒂形成的阴股沟皮瓣不适宜用于阴道再造；另外，将闭孔动脉命名为阴股沟动脉，也有欠妥帖。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。