瘘

Pregnant ewes were served as animal models. High dose of sodium cholate was infused to pregnant ewes through jugular fistula.

方法以妊娠绵羊为对象，通过给妊娠绵羊安装颈静脉血管瘘并经该静脉多次大剂量灌注胆酸盐。

Results Intraoperative chyle leakage was observed in 5 patient, all on the left side and all controlled by suturing chyle fistula, thus avoiding postoperative leakage.

结果 术中发现胸导管损伤5例，予结扎处理，术后未发生乳糜漏或淋巴瘘。

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

But if the diagnosis was made during the LC operation, suture closure or clip closure or stapler closure of CEF under laparoscope might be chosen for an experienced surgeon.

LC术中发现应视具体情况选择手术方式，对于有经验的术者在局部条件允许的情况下可采取钛夹夹闭、镜下缝合或切割吻合器封闭瘘口的方法。

To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on psychologic Status in rectal cancer patients with colostomy.

目的 探讨心理干预能否改善直肠癌结肠造瘘患者的心理状况。

However, misfortune just stayed with me. Eleven months after the operation, when I went to hospital for countercheck I was told that cancer bells were growing in the opening of the fistula, and this foretold my approaching death. I was thrown into the abyss, but I wanted to live on just for my 2-year old daughter.

可是老天爷偏偏没能放过我，手术11个月后，我到医院去做复查的时候，我被告知造瘘口处种植癌细胞，这将意味着我的生命将很快会走到尽头。

He is good at treating all kinds of hemorrhoids, anus split, fistula and crissum diseases by modern tiny indolence technology.

擅长运用现代微创无痛术治疗各型痔疮、肛裂、肛瘘及肛周疾病。

Methods Clinical data of 51 patients with PRF were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 51 cases, 12 were treated with the ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy and stenting after it, 29 with retrograde intubation under cystoscope, 10 with retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy.

对51例不同梗阻原因致肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的患者，采用急诊输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流（12例）、膀胱镜下逆行双J管插管（29例）、膀胱镜下逆行双J管插管联合经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流（10例）解除梗阻，回顾性分析其治疗效果。

Results All cases restored their respiration, phonation and deglutition. 1 case occured pharyngeal leakage.

结果 1例发生咽瘘；3例出现术后间歇性剧烈干咳；3例出现术后短期进流食误咽。

Among 275 patients who underwent partial laryngectomy, 126 patients totally restored their swallowing protection, phonation and respiration, 128 patients basically recovered their pronouncing and language communication function, 15 patients pronounced very hoarse, however they could contact by the whispered voice in a short distance and telephone, although 125 patients manifest wrong deglutition to different level, their swallowing protection basically recovered after swallowing education.

本组275例喉部分切除手术有126例（45.82％）病人喉的吞咽保护、发音和呼吸功能全部恢复，128例（48.00％）基本恢复了发音、语言交流功能，15例声音重度沙哑，近距离耳语或通过电话尚能进行语言交流。125例（45.45％）术后出现不同程度的误吸，其中116例经过吞咽训练后基本恢复了正常吞咽功能，9例误吸较重者经训练后在特殊体位下亦基本恢复了正常吞咽功能，未出现因严重误吸导致吸入性肺炎或行胃造瘘和气、食管分离手术者。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。