痛觉

The concept of preemptive analgesia is to decrease the incidence of hyperalgesia and allodynia by reducing central sensitization.

预先镇痛是通过防止中枢敏感化来降低伤害性刺激引起的痛觉过敏和异常痛觉。

Due to confidence limits close to the respective limits of the possible data range, heat hypoalgesia, cold hypoalgesia, and mechanical hyperesthesia can hardly be diagnosed.

由于置信界限接近各个可能存在的数据范围的界限，热痛觉减退、冷痛觉减退以及机械感觉过敏就很难被诊断。

METHODS: Ninety-two patients with diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, or postsurgical/posttraumatic neuropathic pain with allodynia, hyperalgesia, or pinprick hypesthesia were randomly assigned to receive one of four creams (placebo, 2% amitriptyline, 1% ketamine, or 2% amitriptyline-1% ketamine combined).

92名出现痛觉超敏、痛觉过敏或针刺感觉减退的糖尿病神经病变、疱疹感染后神经痛或手术后/外伤后神经性疼痛患者被随机分组，分别使用下列四种霜剂中的一种进行治疗：安慰剂、2%阿米替林、1%氯胺酮或2%阿米替林＋1%氯胺酮联用。

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain, including hyperalgesia and algesthesia paresthesia, is pathological phenomenons making the patients felt unendurable and lacking of clinical treatments.

背景：慢性痛包括痛觉过敏和痛觉感觉异常，是患者感到难以忍受和临床缺乏治疗手段的一种病理现象。

The treatment group was given Qizhengxiaotong Emplastrum(0.75 g/kg),and the model group and blank group were given normal saline solution(0.5 mL/each)externally for 5 days on 10th day after the establishment of ...

末次给药后测量各组小鼠的痛行为，包括机械性痛觉超敏和热刺激痛觉过敏；将小鼠股骨进行X线摄片，影像学评估骨破坏；用免疫组化法检测各组局灶皮肤组织肿瘤坏死因子α、内皮素-1(ET-1)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平及脊髓后角P物质受体、c-fos及GFAP阳性反应神经元的表达。

OT is involved in the modulation of the transmision of nociceptive information in the spinal cord of rats with sciatic nerve ligation Intrathecal administration of OT induced a significant analgesic effect during 1 to 10 day after sciatic nerve ligation and a significant hyperalgesic effect from 11 day after sciatic nerve ligation .

催产素参与神经损伤痛敏大鼠脊髓水平痛觉信息传递的调节在坐骨神经损伤性痛大鼠鞘内注射催产素对痛觉的影响呈现先镇痛后痛敏二相性，转折点是结扎后第11天。

Methods:Separately test the threshold values such as sense of cold, sensation of warmth, cold pain sensation and sense of heat pain of the testees on the left thenar eminence and left hypothenar eminence. Of the tests 28 persons were simultaneously tested of the identical left and right lateral positions and 21 persons were repeatedly tested two weeks later .

检测230例正常人左手大小鱼际肌的冷觉、温觉、冷痛觉、热痛觉，对其中28例右手做相同测试，对其中21例2周后做重复测试。

Inflammation causes the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), leading to the release of prostanoids, which sensitize peripheral nociceptor terminals and produce localized pain hypersensitiity.

炎症导致COX-2的产生，从而导致前列腺素的释放，释放的前列腺素使得外周痛觉末梢敏感化，从而产生了局部的痛觉过敏。

Inflammation causes the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), leading to the release of prostanoids, which sensitize peripheral nociceptor terminals and produce localized pain hypersensitivity.

炎症导致COX-2的产生，从而导致前列腺素的释放，释放的前列腺素使得外周痛觉末梢敏感化，从而产生了局部的痛觉过敏。

Methods Somatosensory perception threshold, pain perception threshold and the relative pain perception threshold were assessed in 40 patients with chronic low back pain, compared with the findings in a control group and related to the psychopathological state evaluated by means of the Hamilton Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety In-ventory.

比较40例慢性腰腿痛病人与40例正常对照组的躯体感觉阈、痛觉阈及相对痛觉阈，同时对病人组评定汉密顿抑郁量表及状态－特质焦虑量表。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。