痉挛毒

Botulinum toxins were first researched in the late 1960s to treat neurological disorders and for that otox were first approved by the FDA in 1989 to treat eye muscle disorders like blepharospasm, uncontrollable blinking, and strabismus, crossed eyes and even for wrinkles.

肉毒毒素的研究，首次在六十年代后期治疗神经系统疾病，并为此otox首次核准由美国食品暨药物管理局在1989年治疗眼部肌肉疾病如眼睑痉挛，无法眨眼，斜视，越过眼睛，甚至皱纹。

Results Women were more often affected than men(1.83:1) and 53 patients were older than 40 years. The involved parts were as follows: eyelid 58 cases (89.2%), mouth and mandibula 46 cases(70.8%),neck 17 cases(26.2%). The symptom at onset were blepharospasm 42 cases(64.6%) or oromandibular dystonia 17 cases(26.2%).In part of the patients, cranial MRI examination could find focus in brainstem or basal ganglia. Among 37 patients treated with oral drugs, 4 cases were almost cured, 16 cases improved and 17 cases showed no effect. While in 15 patients treated through chiostridium botulinum toxin injection, 5 were almost cured, 9 improved and 1 had no effect.

结果 男女患病比率 1：1.83，40岁以上发病53例，受累部位依次为眼睑58例（89.2%）、口-下颌46例（70.8%）、颈部17例（26.2%）；首发症状以眼部不适、眼睑痉挛最（42例，占64.6%），口-下颌肌张力障碍次之（17例，占26.2%）；14例行头MRI检查者8例发现脑干或基底节区病灶；口服药物治疗37例，显效4例，有效16例，无效17例；15例行肉毒毒素局部注射者显效5例，有效9例，无效1例。

The symptom at onset were blepharospasm 42 cases(64.6%) or oromandibular dystonia 17 cases(26.2%).in part of the patients, cranial mri examination could find focus in brainstem or basal ganglia. among 37 patients treated with oral drugs, 4 cases were almost cured, 16 cases improved and 17 cases showed no effect. while in 15 patients treated through chiostridium botulinum toxin injection, 5 were almost cured, 9 improved and 1 had no effect.

结果 男女患病比率为1：1.83，40岁以上发病53例，受累部位依次为眼睑58例（89.2%）、口-下颌46例（70.8%）、颈部17例（26.2%）；首发症状以眼部不适、眼睑痉挛最多（42例，占64.6%），口-下颌肌张力障碍次之（17例，占26.2%）；14例行头mri检查者8例发现脑干或基底节区病灶；口服药物治疗37例，显效4例，有效16例，无效17例；15例行肉毒毒素局部注射者显效5例，有效9例，无效1例。

Objective To investigate the effect of B TX -A block by insulative needle to release the spasticity in cerebral palsy.

目的 探讨应用绝缘针注射A型肉毒毒素缓解脑瘫患儿痉挛的疗效。

Objective To investigate the optimal dose of botulinum toxic A for releasing spasticity of cerebral palsy and related factors.

目的 探讨A型肉毒毒素缓解脑瘫痉挛的适宜剂量与程度及与其他因素的关系。

Objective: To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on lower limb spasticity in late spinal injury patients.

目的：评价A型肉毒毒素对晚期脊髓损伤患者下肢痉挛性疼痛和反射性挛缩状态的治疗作用。

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of spasmodic dysphonia is still unclear and lacks of confirmed diagnostic standards. Limited reports on the treatment mainly focused on botulinum toxin infiltration; recurrent laryngeal nerve section, and voice training, amongst which voice training has been considered as one of the ideal complementary therapeutic means for SD because of less side effects and complications.

背景：目前痉挛性发声障碍病因不明，缺乏统一明确的诊断标准，故治疗较为困难，关于该病的治疗有限的报道主要是喉部肉毒杆菌毒素注射，喉返神经切断，发声语言训练等，其中后一种方法无副作用及并发症，是较为理想的治疗及辅助治疗手段之一。

I treated the spastic dysphonia with Botox.

我用肉毒杆菌素治疗痉挛言语障碍

Objective To observe the effect of local injection with A-borulinus toxin under electromyographic guidance for treatment of spasmodic torticollis.

目的 观察肌电引导下A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗痉挛性斜颈的疗效。

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin A has been applied to treat muscular convulsion by local injection and shows obvious effects in reducing muscular hypertonia with fewer side effects.

背景：采用A型肉毒毒素对痉挛肌肉的局部注射治疗已显示出既有明显降低肌肉高张力的作用，副作用又极少。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。