痉挛毒

Objective:To investigate the cause and therapeutic methods for blepharospasm.

为探讨单侧眼轮匝肌痉挛的病因及治疗方法，对182例患者观察了临床症状、体征，进行了A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗；36例作了肌电图检查，15例作了脑干磁共振血管成像检查。

Botulinum toxins were first researched in the late 1960s to treat neurological disorders and for that otox were first approved by the FDA in 1989 to treat eye muscle disorders like blepharospasm, uncontrollable blinking, and strabismus, crossed eyes.

肉毒毒素的研究，首次在六十年代后期治疗神经系统疾病，并为此otox首次核准由美国食品暨药物管理局在1989年治疗眼部肌肉疾病如眼睑痉挛，无法眨眼，斜视，眼划线。

Objective To explore the cause of hemifacial spasm and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of botulin A.

目的 探讨面肌痉挛的病因，评估A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛的疗效。

Objective To observe clinical feature of patients with hemifacial spasm and therapeutic effect of Chinese botulinum toxin type A.

目的观察半侧面肌痉挛患者的临床表现和肉毒毒素对半侧面肌痉挛的治疗效果。

The intraperitonealLD_(50) values in mice of VES and VDPG were 0.16mg/kg and 0.39mg/kg,respectively. The intraperitoneal LD_(50) value in cockroach of VDPG andVES were 2.32μg/g and 1.87μg/g, respectively. After intraperitonealinjection of the venom in mice, the main poisoning symptoms includedlethargy, ataxia, diaphoresis, convulsion, anorexia, shortness of breath,and difficulty to open eyes, etc. Whereas the mice injected withphysiological saline acted normally.

两种粗毒都对小鼠和蜚蠊有较强的毒性，其中毒囊粗毒和电刺激粗毒对小鼠的LD_(50)值分别为0.39mg／kg和0.16mg／kg；毒囊粗毒和电刺激粗毒对蜚蠊的LD_(50)值分别为2.32μg／g和1.87μg／g体重；小鼠经腹腔注射粗毒后，出现无生气、共济失调、排汗、痉挛、食欲减退、呼吸短促、睁眼困难等症状，而注射生理盐水的小鼠活动正常。

Object: Cerebral vasospasm constitutes a major complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is unclear, in spite of intensive investigations conducted over the past years. Even though multiple factors are proposed to be involved in cerebral vasospasm, oxyhemoglobin is one of the most important spasmogens for cerebral vasospasm that fallows aneurismal SAH.

目的：脑血管痉挛是蛛网膜下腔出血后最常见和最严重的并发症，近年来人们对SAH所致脑血管痉挛的发生机制进行了大量的研究，但迄今尚未完全阐明，众说纷纭，甚至有些观点相反，但几乎所有关于脑血管痉挛原因的报告都认为，脑血管痉挛是多种原因造成的，其中氧合血红蛋白是SAH后血管痉挛的主要启动因素之一，它对内皮细胞及平滑肌的细胞毒作用已经被报道。

AIM: To explore the effects of botulinum toxin A in improving the abduction activity of carpometacarpal joint of thumb and spasm in spastic cerebral palsy patients with adduction deformity thumb.

目的：探讨A型肉毒毒素对痉挛型脑性瘫痪拇指内收畸形患者拇指腕掌外展活动度及痉挛的改善作用。

Methods 32 cases of patients with myospasm after head injury were inpatiens of neurosurgery and convalescent ward from february 2004 to january 2007, each of them was intramuscular injected botulinum toxin type adeeply and symmetrically.

选取32例2004年1月至2007年2月在我院神经外科及康复科治疗的脑外伤后肢体肌肉痉挛病人，每例行国产a型肉毒毒素痉挛肌等距离多点均匀深部注射治疗，每次注射总量不超过100u，每次注射1－2块肌肉。

intramuscular injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A deeply and symmetrically to treat myospasm after head injury is safe, simple, valid, has less complication, and worthy recommendation.

等距离深部肌注A型肉毒毒素治疗脑外伤后四肢肌痉挛安全有效，操作简单，并发症少，为康复治疗赢得时间，值得在临床推广。 A型肉毒毒素；肌痉挛；脑外伤；肌张力障碍；改良Ashworth量表；偏瘫

Abstract］ objective to observe the clinical value of botulinus toxin a on the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy for children.methods thirty children were injected with bta for spasticity treatment,the dosage was 2～5 u/kg; the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by physician rating scale and dystonia was evaluated by improved ashworth and the result was done with statistical analysis.results 29 cases was obviously improved in symptoms after injection.no obvious side effects were found during and after injection.conclusion btx-a proves to be a simple,safe and effective method in the treatment of the spastic cerebral palsy.in short,it is a useful therapeutic option.

目的 探讨a型肉毒毒素对痉挛性小儿脑瘫的临床疗效。方法根据纳入标准，选择30例患儿作为观察对象，采用bta肌肉注射，剂量为2～5 u/kg。疗效评定：肌张力采用改良的ashworth法评价、prs评分，并进行统计学处理。结果 29例治疗后较治疗前症状明显改善，其prs指标治疗前后比较差异显著（p.01）；按ashworth分级，30例中，治疗前最高5级，最低2级，平均4级。注射后除一例无效外，肌张力降为最高4级，最低1级，平均2级。治疗中及治疗后无明显副作用发生。结论 bta治疗痉挛性小儿脑瘫，副作用小，方法简单，刺激性小，维持有效时间长。bta是改善小儿脑瘫肌痉挛和肢体功能的一种实用性的治疗选择。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。