病毒病

Geminiviruses infecting Ageratum conyzoides and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis were identified with molecular data in this paper.5 virus samples collected from Ageratum conyzoides and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis in Hainan were detected with triple antibody sandwich ELISA and PCR, results showed all the virus samples were infected by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses.

本研究对侵染胜红蓟和假马鞭的双生病毒进行了分子鉴定，并获得如下结果：利用三抗体夹心ELISA及PCR检测的方法对采自海南的胜红蓟和假马鞭的5个病样进行了检测，表明均为粉虱传双生病毒。

Viruses cause many diseases (e.g., mosaic diseases of many cultivated plants, myxomatosis, foot and mouth disease, the common cold, influenza, measles, poliomyelitis).

病毒引发许多病（如许多栽培植物的斑状症、多发粘液瘤病、口足病、一般伤风、感冒、麻疹、小儿麻痹症等）。

Most of the avian lymphomas are associated with Marek''s disease virus, avian leukosis virus or reticuloendotheliosis virus.

大部分的禽类淋巴瘤多与马立克病病毒（Marek's disease virus， MDV）家禽白血病病毒（Avian leukosis virus， ALV）及网状内皮细胞增生症病毒（Reticuloendotheliosis virus， REV）有关。

The causative agent of the disease is an Corona virus, infectious bronchitis virus IBV）, classified as Corona .Present vaccines for IB are all modified live viruses derived either by sequential passage embrocated chicken eggs. As Immunogenicity of IBV is usually correlated with its virulence, almost all modified live IB vaccines remained insufficient attenuation and have shown a variety of side effects including spread of vaccine virus to no vaccinates, occurrence of long term "carrier" birds, and increasing virulence during in vivo passage.

目前国内外预防本病所用的疫苗大多数是弱毒疫苗，但现用弱毒疫苗都存在以下缺点：（1）与IBV强毒一样，其弱毒疫苗株也能引起潜伏感染，潜伏感染的鸡将终生带毒；（2）疫苗病毒可以由接种鸡传染给非接种鸡，在鸡群之间传播过程中毒力会返强，从而成为新的感染源；（3）传染性支气管炎病毒极易发生变异，且易成为病毒重组的供体和受体，给使用IB传统疫苗预防和根除IB带来极大的困难。

Therefore, baculovirus was the pathogen of this disease. When checking up on site, it was found that there were a lot of bateria in hepatopancreas and hearts. The healthy shrimps injected with homogenated tissue suspension of diseased ones died earlier and quicker than that injected with same suspension but eliminated bacteria. So, if shrimps injected with virus, then reinfected with bacteria, its condition will be worse and died quickly.

同时在活检时发现病虾肝胰腺及心脏压片中有较多细菌，将未除菌病虾组织浆悬液注射健康虾，比注射除菌病虾组织浆悬液的虾死亡早而迅速，所以受病毒感染后再继发细菌感染将加快病情恶化和死亡。

Viroids replicate within the plant cell and cause characteristic disease symptoms; examples are the potato spindle tuber viroid and the hop stunt viroid.

类病毒的复制在植物细胞内进行，能够导致典型病症。例如马铃薯纤块茎类病毒和蛇麻草矮病类病毒。

One pair of primers that amplified the gB gene of pseudorabies viruswas designed and synthesized.PCR technique detecting the DNA of PRV was established after selecting the best reaction conditions.This technique was applied to specifically amplify the 281 bp DNA fragment of the PRV strains including Fa,Fb,Bartha,BJ,GD,V2F4,S,S3,SR,Buk,Shope,Norden,Mink Ⅲ,HB,F8,F9 and F12 in cultured samples.The negative results were achieved from Vero cells,swine vesicular disease virus,hog cholera virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,porcine parvovirus,foot and mouth disease virus F29 strain,O3I3 strain,T509 strain and O Ⅱ MF249 strain.The results of sequencing showed that the PCR method was of specificity.The sensitivity of PCR reached 15.8 pg of PRV Fa strain DNA.The tissue samples obtained during 1994 and 2000 were detected,and the results showed that the sensitivity of PCR was more sensitive than virus isolation and the Sandwich ELISA.The PCR was applied to detect 191 tissue samples from 31 pig farms obtained from Guangdong,Fujian,Hainan Provinces during 1999 and 2000,50 samples(26.2%)were positive and 22 pig farms(71%)were positive.

根据伪狂犬病病毒gB基因的序列，设计并合成了一对引物，以闽A株细胞培养毒为模板，筛选最佳反应条件，建立了检测PRV的PCR方法应用该方法对Fb、Bartha、BJ、GD、V2F4、S、S3、SR、Buk、Shope、Norden、MinkⅢ、HB、F8、F9、F12等毒株的细胞培养液进行基因扩增，均获得了分子量为 2 81bp的特异性目的DNA片段，而对Vero细胞与FMDV、SVDV、HCV、PRRSV、JEV、PPV等病毒进行检测，结果均为阴性，没有出现交叉反应对PRV毒株扩增的产物测序，结果序列与文献报道一致，证明PCR扩增产物和方法的特异性对 1994～ 2 0 0 0年期间送检的临床样品和保存的PRV毒种，用病毒分离、双抗体夹心ELISA和PCR等 3种方法进行检测，结果前 2种方法检测为阳性的，PCR检测均为阳性；PCR检测为阴性，前 2种方法检测也为阴性；可是，前 2种方法检测为阴性的，PCR却检测出部分阳性；经x2 检验，证明PCR检出率明显高于前 2种方法的检出率对PRV闽A株细胞毒提取物DNA进行检测，其最低检出量为 15 8pg 对 1999～ 2 0 0 0年期间广东、福建、海南等省的 31个大中型猪场送检的 191份病料进行检测。

Tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease was found in many provinces.This disease is widely distributed in Yunnan production tobacco area and it causes above 60% losses in some area. The tomato spotted wilt disease is one of the most potentially dangerous disease of tabacco in the world. This paper reviewed the distribution,symptomology, causal agents, pathogenic mechanism, the composition and function of virus genome and epidemiology and management of the tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease.

目前该病在中国许多省均有发生的报道，在云南烟区广泛分布，在局部地区可造成60%以上的严重损失，烟草番茄斑萎病被认为是世界上对烟草最具潜在危险病害之一，较为系统全面的综述了烟草番茄斑萎病的发生与分布，病害症状学，病原物，致病机制，病毒基因组结构和功能以及病害的流行及控制等方面的研究进展。

At first ,the infection and proliferation of the virus in the midgut cells of silkworm were investgated by QC-PCR.

BmDNV-5是一株新分离到的家蚕浓核病病毒。为彻底解明该新发现病毒的生物学特性和背景，本文首先用QC-PCR法对该病毒在家蚕中肠细胞的感染增殖情况进行了调查。

The most common cause is coxsackievirus A16; sometimes, HFMD is caused by enterovirus 71 or other enteroviruses.

最常见的是克萨奇病毒A16，有时候手足口病也有肠病毒EV71或其他肠病毒引起。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。