病毒

There are three forms of symmetry in virus capsids: icosahedral , helical and complex forms.

壳粒排列的方式使病毒的结构呈几何对称，病毒衣壳有三种对称形式：二十面体立体对称、螺旋对称、复合对称，螺旋结构呈杆状，而二十面体由对称的亚单位组成近似的球状，非对称的衣壳是较复杂的形式，往往与细菌病毒有关。

The photos show that almost every tumor cell strainsiiiinfected with BTV-HbC3 could produce different amount of bluetongue virus particles. In some cells, numerous virus particles arranged like crystals with many vacuum virus capsids.

几乎每一株感染BTV-HbC_3的肿瘤细胞内都能产生数量不等的蓝舌病毒粒子，有些细胞中大量的病毒颗粒排列成晶格状；以及较多病毒空衣壳。

A virus is a unit of infectious genetic material smaller than any bacteria and embodying properties placing it on the borderline between life and non-life. The vast majority of the virus capsid protein assembled into icosahedral symmetry of the structure. Caspar-Klug Theory has become a fundamental concept for the classification of icosahedral viral capsids based on the principle of quasi-equivalence.

二：病毒是比任何细菌都小的感染性遗传物质，介于生命与非生命之间的一类无细胞结构的生物，绝大多数病毒的衣壳蛋白装配成二十面体对称的结构，&准等价&原理是解决严格遵从二十面体对称性的病毒衣壳几何特征的有效而成熟的方法。

The biological characteristic of many vertebrate parvoviruses have been clarified, for example the genome organization, the structure of capsids protein of virus particle, and the relationship between the structure and its function.

它与其它细小病毒一样，病毒粒子无包膜，呈球状二十面体对称，直径22nm，基因组为单链线状DNA分子，含有五种结构蛋白，嶂螂浓核病毒基因组全长为5454个核昔酸，于C含量为38.13%。

Morphologically and biologically, the triple-layered rotavirus particles are composed of three protein capsids, outer capsid includes VP4 and VP7, the middle is VP6, and the core is composed of VP2. VP1, VP3 and the 11 segments of double-stranded genomic RNA.

完整的轮状病毒颗粒直径约70nm，为正二十面体结构，由三层蛋白壳包绕，外壳为VP4及VP7蛋白，VP6蛋白构成病毒第二层蛋白壳，最内层为核壳，由结构蛋白VP1、VP2、VP3组成，核壳内包含有11个分节段的病毒双链RNA基因片段。

So, we test the sick kids' moms for echovirus, C.M.V.

所以， 我们测试生病婴儿的妈妈是否有埃可病毒细胞巨化病毒和细小病毒

A simple and efficient method for concentration of enteroviruses from water sample was established based on the membrane adsorption-elution method combined with eluant concentration.

文章摘要：在膜吸附-洗脱和洗脱液浓缩相结合的基础上，建立了一种简便实用的水中肠道病毒浓缩方法，通过实时定量RT-PCR检测，比较了不同材料和不同孔径的微孔滤膜对病毒的吸附效果；对膜洗脱方式进行了改进；研究了在洗脱液浓缩过程中，PEG浓度对于病毒回收率的影响。

The results indicated that the detected MDV1 in feather tip was the most abundant in all of samples (10^-10^8 copies per million cells). The FQ-PCR had a higher positive rate (100%) compared with AGP and regular PCR methods, and its sensitivity was 10-100 times than that of regular PCR, and the lower detection limit of the MDV1 assay was 2.78 copies.

结果表明，不论实验攻毒鸡还是自然发病鸡，羽髓中病毒富含量均高于其它组织，每百万宿主细胞内病毒含量为10^7~10^8拷贝；FQ-PCR检侧MD发病鸡只的阳性率高于AGP，达100%；该方法的灵敏度比常规PCR检侧高10~100倍，在单位细胞内可灵敏地检测到2.78个拷贝的病毒。

The minor core protein s C-encoding gene of Muscovy duck reovirus was cloned into theprokaryotic expression vector pET32a. The recombinant plasmid pET32a-s C was amplified andextracted after being transformed into E.coli DH5a competent cells. Restriction analysis withEcoRⅠand SacⅠand sequences analysis indicated that the recombinant plasmid was inserted withcorrect open reading frame. The fusion protein about 50 ku was produced after induction with 0.15mmol/L IPTG of E.coli competent cells transformed with pET32a-sC. The SDS-PAGE andWestern-bloting test indicated that the fusion protein reacted with the convalescents sera of duckinfected with Muscovy duck reovirus. The indirect ELISA method was developed by using thepurified fusion s C protein as coating antigen. The optimal concentration of s C was 5μg/ml, thedilution of serum sample was 1:40; The results showed that preparation of an ELISA by using sCas coating antigen in detecting 50 field duck sera in comparison with the AGIP were more sensitiveand specific than agar gel immuno-diffusion AGIP test. The results suggest that presence ofantibody against viral protein sC in duck may be a good indicator by the sC-ELISA for detectionof duck infection with reovirus.

同时，本研究将编码外壳蛋白σC的基因克隆于原核表达载体pET32a上，经过EcoRⅠ和SacⅠ双酶切鉴定和序列分析后，得到阳性重组质粒pET32a-σC；将阳性重组质粒pET32a-σC转化到大肠杆菌BL-21感受态细胞中进行诱导表达，经SDS-PAGE和Western-blbtting检测分析，融合表达的蛋白能够与番鸭呼肠孤病毒感染的康复鸭血清发生特异性反应；将融合表达的蛋白纯化后作为包被抗原，建立了检测鸭血清中呼肠孤病毒抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测方法，此方法中抗原的最佳包被浓度为5μg／ml、标准阳性血清的最适稀释倍数为1：40倍，用此方法对50份鸭血清样品进行检测，并与琼脂糖凝胶扩散试验检测抗体的法相比较，证明此ELISA方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性，本研究为今后鸭呼肠孤病毒诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。

There is an H1N1 human strain in this year's shot, and all H1N1 flus are descendants of the 1918 pandemic strain.

在今年的流感疫苗中含有H1N1人类病毒，所有的流感病毒都是1918年流感病毒的后裔。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。