病毒

To investigate the role of cytokine in the pathogenesis of enterovirus central nervous system infections, 14 children with encephalitis (6 infected by enterovirus 71) and 21 children with meningitis (14 infected by echovirus 30 and 7 infected by echovirus 6) were recruited.

为了研究肠病毒中枢神经系统感染，其细胞激素的病理作用，我们收集了14位脑炎病童（其中6位感染到肠病毒71型）和21位脑膜炎病童(其中14位感染到echo病毒30型，另外7位感染到echo病毒6型)。

It is not known whether flavonoids can be absorbed in amounts sufficient to exert an antiviral effect in humans, and therefore their possible role in the treatment of childhood exanthems remains unknown.

约黄酮类化合物抗病毒行动已观察到的试管实验。41 42 43 44 45 槲皮素，黄酮类化合物之一的，所表现出特别强烈的试管抗病毒特性； 46 47 48但是，一项研究没有找到槲皮素将有利于小鼠的病毒感染。49这不知是否黄酮类化合物可吸收的数额不足以在人体发挥抗病毒效果，因此，他们在治疗儿童exanthems可能发挥的作用仍然不得而知。

The discipline of influenza activity in Changsha is significant, and it shows seasonal nature and periodicity. The vary trend of ILI% can explain the activities of local' influenza much better. The level of ILI% is on its two fastigiums while the activities of influenza virus are just on theirs. The A H1N1 influenza has much more influence to seasonal influenza activities, and the prevention and control emphasis of A H1N1 influenza should be enhanced hereafter.

长沙市流感活动的规律较为明显，存在季节性和周期性；ILI%的变化能够较好地反映当地流感病毒的活动情况，流感病毒活动的两个高峰时期当地的ILI%水平也处于高峰时期；甲型H1N1流感病毒对季节性流感病毒的活动影响较大，今后一段时间内防控的重点应放在甲型H1N1流感的防控中。

At a certain range, habitat loss and its spatial structure can benefit the control of the epidemic disease, which indicates the possibility of using human disturbance in habitat as a potential epidemic-control method in conservation.(6) Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also the spatial correlations of patch types caused by nonrandom habitat loss affect the invasion and transmission of disease. More fragmented landscape (high amount of habitat loss, low clustering of lost patches) hinders the parasitic infection, which also indicates that whether the spatial heterogeneity benefits or hinders the invasion is dependent on the considered ecological process.(7) Two components of the spatial heterogeneity (the amount and spatial autocorrelation of the lost habitat) form a trade-off in determining the host-parasite dynamics.(8) Within a certain range of habitat loss, host can counterbalance the positive and negative effects, and shows a rising tendency.(9) The epidemic is more likely to break out in the prey-predator system if only a small amount of habitat loss.(10) A highly aggregated distribution of species is a common behavioral strategy when dealing with habitat loss or other environmental stresses.(11) The parasite-host/prey-predator eco-epidemiological systems have the similar mechanism with the intraguild predation systems, and the predator acts as the intraguild predation, the infected prey acts as intraguild prey, and the susceptible prey acts as shared resource.(12) Species at the highest trophic level are no longer affected the most by habitat loss, which depend not only on the biological mechanism but also on the external environmental disturbances.

随着邻体数目的增加，病毒的感染力度变得更大而且在空间上形成聚集的波形；(5)生境破坏及其空间结构在一定范围内有利于疾病的控制，这暗示人为对生境的干扰可作为疾病控制的一个潜在方法；(6)生境破坏的数量以及不同类型生境的空间分布格局都显著地影响了寄生病毒的入侵和传播，生境破碎化程度越高(高丧失斑块的数量或低聚集程度)，将越有害于病毒的入侵和传播，这暗示了空间异质性是否有益于物种的入侵依赖于所考虑的生态过程；(7)由生境破坏引起的空间异质性的两个组分之间存在负偶联关系trade-off(8在适度的生境破坏范围内，宿主种群能够平衡生境破坏带来的正负两种效应并呈现增长趋势；(9)在捕食-食饵系统中，寄生感染病毒极有可能在生境破坏量较低时爆发；(10)物种在面临生境破坏或者其它环境压力时表现出更高的聚集分布策略；(11)寄生-宿主/食饵-捕食生态传染病系统与共位捕食食物网结构具有相似的生物机制，其中捕食者扮演共位捕食者的角色，已感染食饵作为共位食饵，易感染食饵扮作共同消耗的资源；(12)位于最高营养级水平的种群对生境破坏的响应不一定是最敏感的，这不仅依赖于内在的生物机制同时也依赖于外在的环境干扰。

HSV-I is the primary virus which leadings to cornea! endotheliitis.2. By using the PCR to detect HSV-I DNA in humor of the comeal endotheliitis is rapid and simple for etiologic diagnosis and is convient for clinical treatment.3. The conclusion is limited to diagnosis of HSV and VZV. It is necessary to do further for the other pathogeny.

P CR技术检测角膜内皮炎患者房水中的单纯疤疹病毒I型，可在分子水平上建立一种快速准确的诊断，从而从基因内部探测其发病原因，为临床治疗提供可靠的依据；兔膜内皮炎主要是以HSV一I感染为主；本研究未设计其它相关病毒的特定引物进行特异性扩增，故所得结论仅限于单纯疤疹病毒及带状疤疹病毒，是否有其它感染原，需进一步研究。

With this in mind, the researchers then reanalysed data from knowingly HIV-positive heterosexual subjects in Uganda and Zambia who had HIV-negative sexual partners. Those with a viral load of one million particles per millilitre were more than ten times more likely to accidentally infect their partners each year than those with a load of one thousand.But when the researchers calculated the transmission potential over the entire predicted asymptomatic period, those with viral loads between ten thousand and a hundred thousand copies per millilitre of blood were the most likely to infect their partners. HIV-positive subjects with viral counts of 50,000 infected roughly twice as many people as those with counts of one million.

伦敦帝国学院流行病学家Christophe Fraser和他的同事对收集于1982年到1993年之间的100多例HIV阳性的男性同性恋者的数据进行分析，并结合分析来自乌干达和赞比亚的已知有HIV阴性性伴侣的HIV阳性异性恋受调查者的资料，他们发现中度病毒负荷而无症状的HIV携带者更易播散HIV，这是因为中度病毒负荷的HIV携带者的无症状期较长，而那些高病毒负荷而无症状的HIV携带者虽然传染性稍强，但其传染的持续时间却很短，并且在未经治疗的HIV携带者个体中中度病毒负荷是最常见的人群。

A 1.8 kb fragment of 3' terminus of the viral RNA was amplified by RT PCR, cloned and its sequence was determined. Sequence comparisons showed that it shared 71.5%～99.1% homology with isolates of sugarcane mosaic virus, 67.8%～68.5% with sorghum mosaic virus and 38.4%～48.4% with maize dwarf mosaic virus, indicating that the pathogen of this disease on maize in Hangzhou was sugarcane mosaic virus.

病毒RNA13'端序列(1.8kb)与甘蔗花叶病毒同源性最高，达 71.5 %～ 99.1%，与高梁花叶病毒同源性次之，为 6 7.8%～ 6 8.5 %，与玉米矮花叶病毒同源性最低，仅为 38.4%～ 48.4%，从而初步认为此病害由SCMV引起。

Virion development in the cytoplasmic vesicles could be divided into three stage, viz, emergence, assembly and release.

病毒在宿主细胞中的繁殖分为3个阶段，即病毒发生期、病毒装配期和病毒释放期。

Although the virus is similar with other isolates in other regions,which have white spot symptom,in morphology,range of host,symptom etc,but it is very different from others in size of virion,distribution in host cell,size of the genome,etc.So,we think that it isa new virus of penaeid shrimp.

虽然该病毒在形态、寄主范围、症状等方面与其它地区分离到的能产生白斑症状的对虾病毒相似，但它在粒体大小、在细胞内的分布、基因组的大小等方面与其它地区的病毒分离物差异很大，属不同种的病毒。

Newcastle disease is A violent contagion classified by OIE. Newcastle disease virus is a member of Rubulavirus, Paramyxovirinae, Paramyxoviridae, and a negative RNA virus which has vesica membrane.

新城疫病毒是副黏病毒科、副黏病毒亚科、腮腺炎病毒属的成员，为有囊膜的负链RNA病毒，可存在于病禽的所有组织器官、体液、分泌物和排泄物中。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。