病毒

Hepatitis B virus is the smallest DNA virus which is a member of the viral family Hepadnavirida. It uses its DNA as template and the RNA polymerase II of the host cells to transcribe its viral transcripts. There are four major RNAs transcribed from HBV genome. All of the four major transcripts are unspliced, terminated at a common site, polyadenylated at the 3' terminal and capped at the 5' terminal.

B 型肝炎病毒属於肝病毒科，为目前已知最小的去氧核醣核酸病毒，利用其病毒的去氧核醣核酸以及宿主细胞内的核醣核酸聚合酶可转录出四种主要的核醣核酸产物，此四种主要的转录产物均未经剪接并终止於核心开放编阅序列的共同polyadenylation 讯号，且在其5'端均经过capping修饰。

The results of the effect on HSV-2 virulence experiment and the sample-canceling experiment showed that the four sulfated oligosaccharides had no virucidal activity to HSV-2 but inhibition activity.

初步探讨了低聚糖硫酸酯的抗病毒作用机制，由不同时间加药实验结果推测四种低聚糖硫酸酯具有类似的作用机制，可能作用于HSV-2与细胞的吸附阶段，不能抑制病毒在细胞内的复制过程；低聚糖硫酸酯的作用对象为病毒；对病毒毒力的影响实验和撤药实验说明四种低聚糖硫酸酯不能杀灭HSV-2，仅起抑制作用。

In clean diluent condition, the median lethal concentration (MLC50) of CIO2 against bacteria and yeast was 9.4 and 8.4 ppm, respectively. In dirty diluent condition, the MLC50 of CIO2 against bacteria and yeasts was 39.9 and 24.3 ppm, respectively. The virucidal activity of CIO2 against 100 median embryo lethal dose (100 ELD50) of Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease virus was 1.2, 1.2, 2.5 and 1.2 ppm, respectively.

发现CIO2在乾净稀释液中对细菌和酵母菌的中间致死浓度(MLC50)分别为9.4和8.4ppm，CIO2在污浊稀释液中对细菌和酵母菌的MLC50分别为39.9和24.3ppm，CIO2之杀灭新城病病毒、H6N1型家禽流行性感冒病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒和传染性华氏囊炎病毒的浓度分别为1.2、1.2、2.5和1.2ppm。

The obtained data of crystal diffracting X-rays testified that the protein formed typical trimer-of-hairpins structure.

本论文研究了仙台病毒和禽副粘病毒-2这两种副粘病毒入侵宿主细胞过程中病毒囊膜表面相关蛋白质的相互作用。

Foods that are frequently incriminated in NLVs food poisoning include shellfishes vegetables ,salad and so on. In this study , a rapid method has been established to detect NLVs in food, increase the sensitivity of method and provide a technical help.

本研究针对食品中诺瓦克样病毒RT-PCR检测的特殊性，建立了快速检测贝类中诺瓦克样病毒的RT-PCR方法，消除RT-PCR反应抑制因子，缩短食品中诺瓦克样病毒的检测时间，提高检测方法的灵敏性，为诺瓦克样病毒引起的食源性疾病的快速诊断提供技术支持。

It also became apparent that the new virus contains bits and pieces derived from avian and human strains of influenza, as well as porcine ones, further muddying its origins.

人们还清楚地发现，这种新的病毒除了含有猪类流感病毒的片段外，含有来自禽类和人类流感病毒的一些片段，这使得要弄清猪流感病毒的起源就更加不容易了。

This study paid more attention to the techniques of detecting Soybean mosaic virus in dry soybean seed and Bean common mosaic virus in dry bean seed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, combining with biological test and enzyme-linked immosorbent assay. The goal of the research is to establish a molecular detection procedure of SMV and BCMV from dry seed. The main results are following:⑴The effective techniques were made to extract total RNA of SMV from dry soybean seed and BCMV from dry bean seed.

本研究以大豆和菜豆种子中主要种传病毒大豆花叶病毒、菜豆普通花叶病毒作为检测对象，在生物学测定和酶联免疫吸附测定的基础上，研究干种子中两种病毒的逆转录-聚合酶链式反应检测方法，以建立一套快速、灵敏、专化性强的直接以干种子作为检测对象的分子检测技术体系，主要结果如下：⑴建立了从大豆和菜豆干种子中提取SMV、BCMV总RNA的有效方法。

Factors involved in the expression of IFN -αwere studied. These included multiplicity of infection, cell inoculation concertration and cell growth phase. The results show that lower mulitiplicity of infection (M01.4PFU/cell) is beneficial to IFN-α production.The optimal cell inoculation concentration was 〓 cells/flask. The high efficient replication of BmNPV-IFN-α and expression were also due to the proper inoculation time of BmNPV-IFN-α, which was at 48-60 house after cell passage.

研究结果表明，重组病毒感染复数的改变对α-干扰素的产量的影响是时限性的，在一定低感染复数时（Mo1.4PFU），α-干扰素的产量较高；对于重组病毒的复制，最适的细胞接种密度为3.6～7.0×〓细胞/瓶；在细胞指数生长前期（48～60小时）接种重组病毒，对于获得较高的重组病毒效价和α-干扰素的产量都是有利的。

They incubated the virus in a cobalt chloride solution so that cobalt oxide crystals mineralized uniformly along its length.

研究者调控后病毒的 M13 基因，使得病毒外层或者被膜能附着某些金属离子，他们将病毒孵化在氯化钴溶液中，氧化钴晶体沿着病毒外层均匀地矿化出来。

He played key roles in the discovery of the cold-producing adeno-viruses, the hepatitis viruses and the cancer-causing virus SV-40, among others.

对于导致感冒的腺病毒、肝炎病毒和致癌的SV－40病毒以及其他病毒的发现，他起到了关键作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。