病因

At least half of patients with X-ALD are adults with somewhat milder manifestations, and women who are carriers may become symptomatic. X-ALD is often misdiagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in boys and as multiple sclerosis in men and women, and is not an uncommon cause of Addison disease;(2) the incidence of X-ALD, estimated to be 1:17 000 in all ethnic groups, approximates that of phenylketonuria;(3) noninvasive and presymptomatic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis are available; family screening and genetic counseling are key to disease prevention; and (4) new therapies, applied early, show promise.

至少1半的X-ALD为成年病人，表现较轻，而作为携带者的女性也可发病。X-ALD在男孩常误诊为注意缺陷/多动综合征，男女可误诊为多发性硬化，并且也是Addison病的病因；(2)据估计X-ALD发病率为1：17 000，类似于苯丙酮尿症；(3)可进行无创性、症状前诊断和产前诊断；家系筛查和遗传咨询是疾病预防的关键；(4)早期采用新的治疗方法非常具有前景。

At least half of patients with X-ALD are adults with somewhat milder manifestations, and women who are carriers may become symptomatic. X-ALD is often misdiagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactiity disorder in boys and as multiple sclerosis in men and women, and is not an uncommon cause of Addison disease;(2) the incidence of X-ALD, estimated to be 1:17 000 in all ethnic groups, approximates that of phenylketonuria;(3) noninasie and presymptomatic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis are aailable; family screening and genetic counseling are key to disease preention; and (4) new therapies, applied early, show promise.

至少1半的X-ALD为成年病人，表现较轻，而作为携带者的女性也可发病。X-ALD在男孩常误诊为注意缺陷/多动综合征，男女可误诊为多发性硬化，并且也是Addison病的病因；(2)据估计X-ALD发病率为1：17 000，类似于苯丙酮尿症；(3)可进行无创性、症状前诊断和产前诊断；家系筛查和遗传咨询是疾病预防的关键；(4)早期采用新的治疗方法非常具有前景。

Objective To examine the expression of CGRP in congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia in order to find the pathogenesis of CPT.

目的 明确降钙素基因相关肽在先天性胫骨假关节病变组织中的表达，以进一步研究CPT的病因及发病机制。

Objective:To study the clinical manifestation and CT findings of woman＇s pelvic pseudocyst in sexual maturity correlated to surgical findings and to explore its causes.

目的：回顾分析育龄期妇女盆腔假性囊肿的临床症状、CT表现、手术所见及病因，以提高对该病的认识。

Background and Objective Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a kind of lethal X-chain recessive inherited disease. The etiological factor is mainly due to gene mutation of Xp21 which induce the structural and functional abnormality of a kind of cell skeleton protein: dystrophin.

背景和目的假肥大型肌营养不良症(pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy，PMD)是一种常见的致死性X-连锁隐性遗传病，病因主要是由于X染色体短臂2区1带(Xp21)的基因突变而导致一种细胞骨架蛋白——抗肌萎缩蛋白的结构和功能异常所致。

The minor manifestation of the condition is the most common and is characterised by small, shallow, round or oval lesions that are surrounded by a raised erythematous halo and are covered by a grey-white pseudomembrane.

RAU的病因目前尚未明确，故而现有的治疗均不理想，难以达到彻底根治。临床上多采取局部治疗结合全身治疗达到延长其间歇期，缩短发作期，缓解疼痛的目的。

He medical explanation for TS is unknown.but the factors of genetics,psychobiochemistry,environment are important .

S的病因至尽未明，可能是遗传因素、神经生化代谢、环境因素在发育过程中相互作用的结果。

In addition, there is positive evidence of psychogenic causation in the form of recent stressful events or problems.

身体检查未能发现身体病因，但有明显的证据显示心理因素，如最近发生的压力事件或困难，为其致病原因。

The work in the fields of psychotherapy, thepsychological causes and traits in neurosis, the psychopathological traits inpsychosis, the psychological problems in acupuncture anaesthesia and thepsychological diagnosis in children with mental deficiency are reviewed.

本文概略地叙述了医学心理学三十年来的历程，并就心理治疗、神经症的心理病因和心理特点、精神病的病理心理特点、针刺麻醉中的心理学问题、智力落后儿童的心理诊断等几个方面的研究工作作了回顾。

During the last decade, the presumed etiology of glaucoma has changed from a pured pressure concept to a combined mechanical and vascular theory.

近10a来，青光眼病因假设已经从单纯的眼压方面进步到机械和血管联合作用学说。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。