疼痛的

It is an urgent necessity to find a non-pharmaceutical pain control, which can be effectively applied in our people by nursing staff. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of breathing relaxation therapy in reducing pain and physiological responses in cardiac surgical patients. This experimentation collected 60 cardiac surgical patients from the cardiac surgical ward of a medical center.

随著非药物性疼痛处置发展，松弛训练的效益近年来颇受重视与肯定，但国内相关研究，并不多见；然探讨发展适用於国人且又有效的非药物性疼痛处置，以提供护理人员执行相关处置参考，实为当务之急，研究目的在探讨呼吸松弛处置改善心脏手术病患疼痛及生理反应的成效。

Kyle S. Christensen, DDS*, Amy E. Cohen, MS , Fred H. Mermelstein, PhD , Douglas A. Hamilton, MBA , Ewan McNicol, MS||, Najib Babul, PharmD, and Daniel B. Carr, MD

和有背景剂量镇痛相比，只有追加剂量的镇痛所用麻醉药更少，但疼痛发生率高，疼痛评分高，有效无痛期短，母亲满意度低。

Results In the 14 cases, 13 achieved bone union and one nonunion. The mean time of union was 12 weeks. The wrist mean motion range was about 90% of the healthy lateral wrist and mean gripping strength was about 95%. Twelve patients suffered from no pain, one patient from slight pain, and one patient with nonunion from medial pain. According to Cooney's clinical evaluation system, the outcome was fine in 10, good in three and bad in one patient.

结果 14例中有13例愈合，1例不愈合，平均愈合时间为12周，平均腕关节活动度为健侧的90%，握力为健侧的95%，12例患者没有疼痛，1例轻度疼痛，另外l例不愈合有中度疼痛，除1例不愈合患者外，其余都能胜任原有的工作，按Cooney's评分10例优，3例良，1例差。

The mean time of union was 12 weeks. The wrist mean motion range was about 90% of the healthy lateral wrist and mean gripping strength was about 95%. Twelve patients suffered from no pain, one patient from slight pain, and one patient with nonunion from medial pain. According to Cooney's clinical evaluation system, the outcome was fine in 10, good in three and bad in one patient. Conclusion Palm??

结果 14例中有13例愈合，1例不愈合，平均愈合时间为12周，平均腕关节活动度为健侧的90%，握力为健侧的95%，12例患者没有疼痛，1例轻度疼痛，另外l例不愈合有中度疼痛，除1例不愈合患者外，其余都能胜任原有的工作，按Cooney's评分10例优，3例良，1例差。

March 26, 2003 The mu agonist levorphanol is effective for neuropathic pain, according to the results of a randomized, double-blind study published in the March 27 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine . Higher doses reduced pain more than lower doses but had greater adverse effects limiting the additional benefit. An editorialist puts this into perspective, suggesting that this adds to the evidence countering the opinion that neuropathic pain is opioid-resistant.

March 26， 2003 -根据一项发表於3月27日「新英格兰医学期刊（New England Journal of Medicine）」的随机、双盲试验结果显示，mu作用剂levorphanol可有效治疗神经性病变的疼痛，而且高剂量的疼痛缓解作用比低剂量好，但相对地，副作用也较大；随后的评论则表示这个研究结果与过去所认为神经病变所引起的疼痛对鸦片类药物具有抗性的说法相反。

Methods 64 patients corresponding to diagnosis standards and the request of present pain intensity (PPI≥2) of the short-form McGill pain questionnaire were randomly divided into two groups, the treatment group was treated with acupuncture combined with ossotide point injection and the control group with simple acupuncture. The integral of clinical symptoms of two groups were evaluated with short-form McGill pain questionnaire and the changes of contents of blood plasma β-EP were determined.

选择符合诊断标准且McGill疼痛评分中疼痛强度评分≥2分的患者64例，随机分为针刺加骨肽注射液穴位注射组和单纯针刺组，治疗后按照McGill疼痛评分标准进行临床症状积分的评定，并测定患者体内血浆β-EP的含量变化。

The dose of morphine administered was 0.16 ± 0.10 mg/kg and the median number of boluses was 3. Pain relief was obtained in 512 (82%) patients. Morphine-induced adverse events occurred in 67 patients (11%) without severe adverse event. Titration was interrupted before pain relief had been obtained in 107 (17%) patients. In the remaining 514 patients, pain relief was obtained in 507 (99%) patients.

结果吗啡使用的剂量是0.16+-0.1mg/kg，其弹丸式注射的中位剂量是3mg.512名患者(82%)疼痛得到缓解，67名患者(11%)发生了吗啡导致的不良事件，但是没有严重的不良事件。107名患者（17%）在疼痛缓解之前滴定终止了，在余下的514名患者中507人（99%）疼痛缓解。

This was somewhat surprising, Kerns said, because when psychologists first began deeloping interentions for chronic pain seeral decades ago, the goal was not to reduce pain but to help patients lie with their pain more successfully.

&这种结果很出人意料&，Kerns说，因为几十年前心理学家对长期疼痛患者采用心理疗法时，他们的目标不是降低疼痛程度，而是帮助患者更好的耐受疼痛。

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effects of massage on women's pain perception and anxiety during labor. The subjects were primiparas who had a normal spontaneous delivery at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. They are randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. The experimental group received massage intervention and the control group did not. The intensity of pain perception and anxiety between the two groups were compared in the latent phase (the cervix dilated 3-4cm), active phase (5-7cm) and transitional phase (8-10cm). The relationship between pain perception and anxiety level was also examined.

中文摘要本研究的目的在检视按摩对分娩妇女之疼痛感受与焦虑程度的影响，研究对象为南部某区域医院自然生产的初产妇，60位产妇随机分派至实验组与对照组，实验组接受按摩措施，对照组则无接受按摩措施，於待产期间比较两组产妇在潜伏期、活动期及过渡期中疼痛感受与焦虑程度之差异，并探讨疼痛感受与焦虑程度的关系。

Aim: Trigeminal neuralgia, often called "tic douloureux" is one of the most painful and debilitating facial pain disorders.

研究目的：三叉神经痛是颜面疼痛疾患中最令人疼痛、不舒服的一种；其特色是间歇性的严重刀割痛，或是像电击般的疼痛。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。