疼痛

It is an urgent necessity to find a non-pharmaceutical pain control, which can be effectively applied in our people by nursing staff. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of breathing relaxation therapy in reducing pain and physiological responses in cardiac surgical patients. This experimentation collected 60 cardiac surgical patients from the cardiac surgical ward of a medical center.

随著非药物性疼痛处置发展，松弛训练的效益近年来颇受重视与肯定，但国内相关研究，并不多见；然探讨发展适用於国人且又有效的非药物性疼痛处置，以提供护理人员执行相关处置参考，实为当务之急，研究目的在探讨呼吸松弛处置改善心脏手术病患疼痛及生理反应的成效。

Results In the 14 cases, 13 achieved bone union and one nonunion. The mean time of union was 12 weeks. The wrist mean motion range was about 90% of the healthy lateral wrist and mean gripping strength was about 95%. Twelve patients suffered from no pain, one patient from slight pain, and one patient with nonunion from medial pain. According to Cooney's clinical evaluation system, the outcome was fine in 10, good in three and bad in one patient.

结果 14例中有13例愈合，1例不愈合，平均愈合时间为12周，平均腕关节活动度为健侧的90%，握力为健侧的95%，12例患者没有疼痛，1例轻度疼痛，另外l例不愈合有中度疼痛，除1例不愈合患者外，其余都能胜任原有的工作，按Cooney's评分10例优，3例良，1例差。

The mean time of union was 12 weeks. The wrist mean motion range was about 90% of the healthy lateral wrist and mean gripping strength was about 95%. Twelve patients suffered from no pain, one patient from slight pain, and one patient with nonunion from medial pain. According to Cooney's clinical evaluation system, the outcome was fine in 10, good in three and bad in one patient. Conclusion Palm??

结果 14例中有13例愈合，1例不愈合，平均愈合时间为12周，平均腕关节活动度为健侧的90%，握力为健侧的95%，12例患者没有疼痛，1例轻度疼痛，另外l例不愈合有中度疼痛，除1例不愈合患者外，其余都能胜任原有的工作，按Cooney's评分10例优，3例良，1例差。

March 26, 2003 The mu agonist levorphanol is effective for neuropathic pain, according to the results of a randomized, double-blind study published in the March 27 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine . Higher doses reduced pain more than lower doses but had greater adverse effects limiting the additional benefit. An editorialist puts this into perspective, suggesting that this adds to the evidence countering the opinion that neuropathic pain is opioid-resistant.

March 26， 2003 -根据一项发表於3月27日「新英格兰医学期刊（New England Journal of Medicine）」的随机、双盲试验结果显示，mu作用剂levorphanol可有效治疗神经性病变的疼痛，而且高剂量的疼痛缓解作用比低剂量好，但相对地，副作用也较大；随后的评论则表示这个研究结果与过去所认为神经病变所引起的疼痛对鸦片类药物具有抗性的说法相反。

Due to difference in pain sensitivity,the same postoperative analgesia drug must be gave in different amount to different populations and individuals.If a simple and easy method could give a quantitative evaluation for an individual,sbasal pain sensitivity and forebode the degree of postoperative pain and consumption quantity of the postoperative analgesia drug,postoperative analgesia would be individualized.

由于疼痛敏感度的差异性，导致不同人群及个体对相同的术后镇痛药物有不同的需要量，如果对术前疼痛敏感度进行简单易行的定量评估，以预示术后疼痛的程度和镇痛药的消耗量，将有助于使术后镇痛更加个体化。

Results:Before surgery, 39 patients with paroxysmal pain, after surgery, 84 patients with pain immediately disappeared, reaching 94.4%, 12 patients with mild throat discomfort, 2 patients with cough of short-term drinking water, 1 patient with hoarseness, the follow-up in the 3 months to restore Conclusion:Preoperative care focus on patients with Glossopharyngeal neuralgia are primarily on the preparation and pre-operative pain attack, as much as possible to avoid the attack of the pain, postoperative complications, mainly care, treatment and care through to complications as soon as possible.

结果：39例术前出现发作性疼痛，术后89例患者立即止痛者达94.4%，12例出现轻度咽部不适，2例出现短暂的饮水呛咳，1例出现声音嘶哑，经随访在3个月内恢复。结论：舌咽神经痛术前的护理重点主要是术前准备和疼痛发作，尽量通过治疗和护理的避免疼痛的发作，术后主要是并发症的护理，通过治疗和护理促使并发症的尽快恢复。

To avoid the development of anticipatory pain and hyperalgesia, the investigators recommend closer attention to pain management for neonates.

为避免出现预期疼痛和对疼痛过敏，研究人员推荐对新生儿的疼痛处理要更加密切关注。

There is also a pain, in fact, has nothing to do with breast health, near the central sternum breast pain, should be suspected to be not because of bad posture, or excessive use of his arm caused by cartilage, muscle or pectoralis major interosseous membrane injury caused by inflammation pain.

还有一种疼痛，其实与乳房健康无关，靠近中央胸骨的乳房疼痛，应怀疑是不是因为姿势不良，或是过度使用手臂引起软骨、胸大肌或是肌间膜受伤发炎引起的疼痛。

In the present study, weclarify the capsaicin concentration dependency for developmentand maintenance of secondary mechanical allodynia and the roleof spinal opioid receptor like1 (ORL1) receptor and N -methyl-d-aspartatereceptor in the development and maintenance of secondary mechanicalallodynia induced by an intradermal capsaicin injection. Capsaicin50 L of 0.03% induced the most intense secondary mechanicalallodynia.

在这个实验中，作者研究皮内注射辣椒素与继发性机械性异常性疼痛的相关性和脊髓阿片受体相关1受体激动剂（ ORL1）和 N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体在皮内注射引起的继发性机械性异常性疼痛的发生和维持中的作用。0.03%的辣椒素50uL 导致最强的异常性疼痛。

Pain threshold and tolerance were examined usingexperimental heat-induced pain and cold pressor pain models.

用实验性热导致的疼痛和冷压疼痛模型，检测疼痛的阈值和耐受。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。