疫苗的

The new formulation is known as B.O.P.V., or bivalent oral polio vaccine.

这种新的疫苗叫做B.O.P.V。，或者二价口服小儿麻痹症疫苗。

The number of chickens in each group is 16 for SPF chicken At 4 weeks of age, chickens were eye-drop immunized with the recommended dose of commercial IBV vaccine, or vaccinated intradermally via wing with 5×106 PFU rFPV-IBVS1 or 5×106 PFU S-FPV-017. Four weeks after vaccination, chickens in all groups were challenged by bronchitis injection with a lethal dose (0.2ml 8.5EID50/0.1ml) of IBV XJ3 strain After challenge, chickens immunized with rFPV-IBVS1 and commercial IBV vaccine were all protected from death; the result indicated that rFPV-IBVS1 can protect chickens from the infection of IBV.

攻毒后的结果显示所有含rFPV-IBVS1免疫组的SPF鸡均100%保护而免于死亡；IBV弱毒疫苗免疫的SPF鸡也获100%保护，免疫以后的抗体跟踪检测证明rFPV-IBVS1诱导的抗IBV抗体水平低于IBV弱毒疫苗免疫组；攻毒后进行的IBV分离和PCR检测结果表明IBV弱毒疫苗免疫的SPF鸡能够更好地阻止攻击强毒的感染。

The Joint Commission and the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend an annual flu shot for all patients 50 years or older and a pneumococcus vaccine for patients 65 years or older. But the guidelines call for both vaccinations across the board for all patients with generalized malignancy, given their decreased immunity to naturally occurring pathogens.

联合会与美国疾病管制与预防中心的指引建议，所有50岁以上的病患都应该接受每年一次的流行性感冒疫苗注射，而65岁以上病患每年须接受肺炎链球菌疫苗注射；至於全身性癌症病患，指引的建议是应该接受这两种疫苗注射，因为这些病患对抗这些自然发生病原菌的能力较差。

To solve the problem and improve the safety of gene therapy, we used microencapsule, a insulation tool of cell transplantation immunity, to encapsule human fibroblastlike bone marrow stroma cells transfected by part of CEA gene and produced microencapsulated CEA transgeneic cell vaccines; we also studied the expression of vaccine in mouse body as well as its immunologic characteristics.

为解决上述问题、提高基因治疗的安全性，本研究采用细胞移植免疫用隔离工具-微胶囊包裹转染部分CEA基因的人成纤维样骨髓基质细胞HFCL，制备出CEA微囊化转基因细胞疫苗，并进行了疫苗在小鼠体内的表达及其免疫学性质的研究，探讨该疫苗应用于CEA阳性肿瘤治疗的可能性，并为进一步的临床应用研究奠定了基础。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

objective to study the efficacy of the tr/patoc 1 slide agglutination assay for vaccination new pentavalent whole cell vaccine for leptospirosis.methods using tr/patoc 1 slide agglutination assay to detect the searial of serum specimens of 100 healthy people after vaccination for leptospirosis and comparing with the microsopic agglutination test.results both basic immunizaton and 20 days after the enhanced immunization,their positive seroconversion rates were higher than 90% in tr/patoc 1 slide agglutination assay,they were not signficantly different between slide agglutination assay and mat,the antibody titer was greatly lower in 90 days after basic immunization.conclusion the tr/patoc 1 slide agglutionation assay was one of useful assays in evaluation the lately immune efficency of leptospira vaccination.

目的 采用tr/patoc 1玻片凝集试验评价钩端螺旋体疫苗免疫效果及应有价值。方法采用tr/patoc 1玻片凝集试验检测100名健康人钩端螺旋体疫苗免疫后的血清抗体变化，并与显微镜凝集试验比较。结果无论是基础免疫还是加强免疫20？d后，玻凝试验抗体阳性率高达90%以上，与标准的显微镜凝集试验比较差异无统计学意义，玻片凝集试验检测的抗体持续时间较短，90？d后阳性率已大幅度降低，表明sat检测的抗体是早期抗体。结论 tr/patoc 1玻片凝集试验操作简易，可以作为基层卫生机构监测钩端螺旋体疫苗近期免疫效果的方法之一。

Rabic vaccine is one of the earlest and the most successful vaccine used for human. It's development went through several stages: animal brain tissue live vaccine, inactivated vaccine, prima cells culture inactiveted vaccine and cells cullture purified vaccine. Rabic vaccine plays a positive role in that prevent and control rabic epidemic.

人用狂犬病疫苗是世界上最早研制成功和使用的疫苗之一，经历了用动物脑组织制备的活疫苗、灭活疫苗、原代细胞培养灭活疫苗和细胞培养精制纯化疫苗等几个阶段，它为人类防治和控制狂犬病的传播起了积极的作用。

Reduced benefits 减低受益 They concluded that in most cases using inadequate vaccines or those that are not 100% effective could mean that any benefits, such as saving lives, are eroded.

他们总结出，在大多数的情况下，不恰当的疫苗接种，而疫苗又不能100%的有效时，任何接种疫苗后所收到的益处，如：载救生命，将会被侵蚀破坏。

The results suggest that these six vaccines may be used in some emergency condition with proper order and immune period, but there may remain some risks in the multiple vaccines administration especially these with plague and anthrax vaccine.

结论出血热、霍乱、痢疾、钩体疫苗等疫苗在采用恰当的接种顺序和接种间隔的情况下可以联合使用，但是可能存在一定的风险，尤其在此基础上加入炭疽和鼠疫疫苗。

Our research work investigated the possibility of applying the vaccine to gene therapy of CEA positive tumors and set the foundation for further study of its clinical application.

为解决上述问题、提高基因治疗的安全性，本研究采用细胞移植免疫用隔离工具-微胶囊包裹转染部分CEA基因的人成纤维样骨髓基质细胞HFCL，制备出CEA微囊化转基因细胞疫苗，并进行了疫苗在小鼠体内的表达及其免疫学性质的研究，探讨该疫苗应用于CEA阳性肿瘤治疗的可能性，并为进一步的临床应用研究奠定了基础。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。