疫苗的

"There are 32 million potential recipients in the United States alone. Merck stands to make $11.5 billion from this one immunization," Dr. Lex said. However, there are some political hurdles to overcome."It is opposed by religious leaders" on the grounds that vaccinating their young daughters would give them the green light to engage in sexual activity, he said — an argument he disagrees with.

Lex医师表示，单在美国就有3，200万潜在的疫苗接受者，制造该疫苗的默克药厂预估可以获利115亿美金，不过，还有一些政治上的困难有待克服，此疫苗受到宗教领袖反对，他们认为对年轻女孩注射该疫苗会让她们认为可以安全进行性行为，但Lex医师对此不表同意。

The two valence vaccine consisting of catalase, adhesion conservation and adjuvant has better immunotherapeutic effects than the single valence vaccine. More H. pylori vaccine research should be directed to the multivalence vaccine.权威期刊K-Rf l4tw

由过氧化氢酶和黏附素保守区加免疫佐剂组成的二价口服疫苗较单价口服疫苗有更好的免疫治疗效果，多价疫苗是未来H.pylori疫苗的研制方向。

The protective efficacy of the fusion DNA vaccines was surpass the polyvalent DNA vaccines and equivalent to that of the BCG vaccine, suggesting that fusion DNA vaccines represent a promising approach for the prevention of BT. So our experiment may be useful for the development of Bovis tuberculosis vaccine.

从攻毒保护效果来看，融合DNA疫苗组的保护效果明显优于多价DNA疫苗，达到了BCG疫苗的免疫保护水平，表明本研究制备的融合DNA疫苗具有良好的用前景，从而为牛结核病新型疫苗的研究奠定了基础。

Although intense monitoring of vaccine safety continues, all data compiled to date indicate that pandemic vaccines match the excellent safety profile of seasonal influenza vaccines, which have been used for more than 60 years.

虽然对H1N1流感疫苗的安全性监测仍在继续进行，但目前所有汇总数据表明，H1N1流感疫苗相和季节性流感疫苗一样安全（人类使用季节性流感疫苗的历史已超过了60年，安全性的到了很好的验证）。

Considerable progress has been made in the production and use of rabies vaccines in the past century from nerve-tissue vaccines、embryonated egg vaccines to cell-culture vaccines.

在过去的一个世纪里，狂犬病疫苗研制及使用取得了巨大进步，先后经历了神经组织培养疫苗、禽胚疫苗和细胞培养疫苗的发展阶段。

The dynamic changes of the number of T or B lymphocytes and the content of immunoglobulin G, IgM, IgA in peripheral blood, the number of CD〓, CD〓 lymphocyte subpopulation, T〓 cells and IgG, IgM, IgA antibody-producing cells, the ratios of CD〓 and CD〓 T cells in immune organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and immune tissues (cecal tonsils and Harderian glands), the content of IgA, IgM, IgG in local fluid (tear, tracheal fluid, intestinal fluid and bile) of one-day chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and CIAV-infected chicks immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine were determined respectively by immunohistochemistry, immunogold-silves and immunoenzyme staining in order to reveal mechanism of immunopathogenesis of chicks infected with CIAV and influence of immune responses of CIAV-infected chicks to ND vaccine.

中文题名雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒后免疫变化和对新城疫疫苗的应答及其免疫机理副题名外文题名 Immune changes of chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and immune response and mechanism to Newcastle disease vaccine immunity 论文作者郑世民导师刘忠贵教授学科专业基础兽医学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位东北农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数105页关键词鸡传染性贫血病雏鸡新城疫疫苗馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S858 /9 本项研究采用免疫组织化学、免疫胶体金及免疫酶方法，首次对CIAV感染1日龄雏鸡和CIAV感染雏鸡ND疫苗免疫及vNDV攻击后，其外周血液的T细胞、B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量；中枢免疫器官胸腺和法氏囊，外周免疫器官脾脏及呼吸道和消化道局部粘膜免疫组织哈德尔腺和盲肠扁桃体的ANAE〓、CD4〓、CD〓T细胞、IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量和CD〓与CD〓T细胞比值以及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁的IgA、IgM、IgG含量的动态变化规律和CIAV感染对ND疫苗的免疫保护率等进行了全面系统地研究。

Healthy rabbits were inoculated each with vaccines of the recombinant Pilin and the recombinant fused Pilinn-IL2 protein at 250ug per dose to potentiate the immunogenicity. The D. nodosus Pilin vaccine and the killed D. nodosus whole cell vaccine were also inoculated into rabbits as controls in order to compare with the above two recombinant vaccines.

用纤毛蛋白基因工程疫苗、Pilin-IL-2融合基因工程疫苗分别免疫健康家兔，初步进行了纤毛蛋白疫苗和Pilin-IL-2融合基因工程疫苗的免疫原性试验，并同时用节瘤拟杆菌菌体灭活疫苗及菌体纤毛蛋白疫苗免疫家兔，进行了免疫原性比较试验。

The immune defect in uremic patients include humoral and cellular. Especially the cellular defect will influence vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the same on other T-cell dependent vaccines include pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae.

尿毒症病人的免疫不全包含体液性与细胞性以及其他多种层面，尤其在细胞性缺陷上更是直接影响B型肝炎疫苗的免疫效果，以及其他T细胞依赖性疫苗(T-cell dependent vaccines)，例如：肺炎球菌疫苗、流行性感冒疫苗等。

This review covered the following aspects in the development and application of CSF DNA vaccines: construction and evaluation, application of adjuvants, combination with other vaccines and the existing problems and solutions.

以下从猪瘟DNA疫苗的构建和评价、佐剂在猪瘟DNA疫苗中的应用、猪瘟DNA疫苗与其他疫苗的联合应用以及目前猪瘟DNA疫苗存在的问题和解决途径等方面做了比较全面的阐述。

Objectives:To estimate willingness to payfor typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and develop direct evidence for policy maker,as well as describe the choice model of typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area and discuss the application of the Contingent Valuation Method in survey of willingness to pay.

目的：评估广西伤寒流行地区灵川县居民对伤寒ⅵ疫苗的支付意愿，为卫生决策者在全球推广伤寒疫苗提供直接证据；调查灵川县居民对伤寒ⅵ疫苗的选择偏好；探讨条件价值法在疫苗支付意愿调查中的应用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。